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Medicine

协调Hyolaryngeal力学映射在吞咽

Published: May 6, 2014 doi: 10.3791/51476

Summary

坐标映射记录是在吞咽的咽部阶段hyolaryngeal生物力学的显着特征的方法。此方法使用图像分析软件来记录的解剖标志坐标。这些坐标被导入到一​​个Excel宏并翻译成兴趣在吞咽障碍的研究有用的运动学变量。

Abstract

表征hyolaryngeal运动是很重要的吞咽困难的研究。在此之前方法需要多次测量,以获得一个动态的测量,而使用的坐标改良吞钡(MBS),使用一组坐标来计算利息多个变量的hyolaryngeal力学的映射。出于演示的目的,是从一组坐标生成10运动测量,以确定在吞咽两种不同类型的丸差异。对椎骨和下颌骨舌骨偏移的计算是相关的确定的基准轴的重要性。

为了证明坐标映射方法,40 MBS研究随机抽取健康正常人的数据集选择的,没有已知的吞咽障碍。将5ml薄的液体推注和5毫升的布丁燕子从每个对象进行测量。九坐标,绘制颅底,下颌骨,椎骨和孝的元素喉癌复杂的,被记录在最小和最大hyolaryngeal偏移的帧。坐标进行数学转换成hyolaryngeal力学十个变量。

间信度是由组内相关系数(ICC)的评估。双尾t-检验来评估通过推粘度运动学的差异。针对参考不同轴舌骨游览测量相关。在六个评估者为18坐标间信度介于ICC = 0.90 - 0.97。十大运动测量值的石板是由六个评价者之间的被摄体相比。一个异常被拒绝,其余的可靠性分数的平均值为ICC = 0.91,0.84 - 0.96,95%CI。双尾t-检验与比较10运动学变量(5毫升薄液与5毫升布丁燕子)邦费罗尼修正显示,舌骨游览,喉上运动,咽shortenin统计学显著差异G(P <0.005)。舌骨偏移测量从参考两个不同的轴皮尔逊相关系数分别为:R = 0.62,R 2 = 0.38,(薄液); R = 0.52,R 2 = 0.27,(布丁)。

取得具有里程碑意义的坐标是一种可靠的方法来生成视频透视图像的吞咽困难研究有用的多运动学变量。

Introduction

吞咽的咽部阶段是一个涉及超过20的肌肉和骨骼的多个元件,以从口腔传送推注到食道,同时保护气道的复杂过程。前咽收缩时,hyolaryngeal复杂的元素(舌骨,喉,及相关结构,包括食管上括约肌)被移动到一个呼吸管转换成消化道。喉部被重新位于前方远离迎面而来的大丸剂的轨迹,和上部食道括约肌被拉伸开。从视频透视吞咽研究(也称为MBS或修改吞钡研究)采取动态测量的主要研究方法为定量hyolaryngeal配合物1的多个动作。

而定量的视频透视测量是测量吞咽功能,参考不同轴有用的测定结果的标量中的发现是其中运动测量2的各种方法不兼容。根据临床医生手动控制的患者和透视的运动也颠倒测量这种复杂的生理过程的准确性。更重要的是,运动测量不一定反映结构到功能关系的评价无序吞咽重要。特别舌骨的运动学已设计为在参考与椎骨对准的解剖平面的前部或向上的方向跟踪的移动。然而,这种配置并不代表肌肉暂停舌骨的作用线。

hyolaryngeal仰角在吞咽的咽部阶段的双吊索机制已被确定( 1)3,4。舌骨上肌群包括前肌吊索,以及长咽肌包括在posterior肌肉吊索。这些肌肉提升hyolaryngeal复杂的各种元素,包括舌骨,喉,并且形成上部食道括约肌结构。

hyolaryngeal力学的坐标映射利用9容易辨认解剖标志映射的前部和后部肌肉吊索( 图2)的hyolaryngeal复杂相当于附着点三个骨骼杠杆和功能。在吞咽时,hyolaryngeal复杂的每个骨骼杆,特点是在运动中。通过收集坐标,该系统可以被捕获在任何时间帧。坐标的三角转换可用于吞咽时产生hyolaryngeal运动的多个运动测量。变量可以计算出与文献中报道的结果作比较,或用于生成表示感兴趣结构到功能关系的新的测量。

本文的主要目的是展示从生成一组改自吞钡(MBS)的​​研究中收集的解剖标志坐标计算多个运动测量的方法。我们通过使用组内相关系数来确定的6种不同的调查,包括一位专家,三评价者与经验,以及两个新手的间信度记录此方法的可靠性。从运动成绩,通过团一致性吞咽机制的差异进行评估。最后,关于在测量舌骨运动中使用的参考轴的重要性提出Molefenter和Steele的问题得到解决。处理这个问题,我们比较在参照椎骨和在参考了下颌骨,由两个大丸剂类型相同的一组坐标的计算舌骨漂移的测量结果。如果测量舌骨移动的这两种方法表示相同的结构的功能关系髋关节,那么结果应该密切相关。

在这项研究中,40侧面观的MBS研究随机抽取的批准下,由摄政佐治亚大学机构审查委员会,并与伊夫林特拉梅尔研究所语音研究合作和吞咽时医科大学研究方案139正常学习的集合中选择南卡罗来纳州。为了证明这种方法的效用,十变量表征hyolaryngeal运动学计算从同一组的坐标数据( 表1)。这些测量计算的七个先前已在文献中,包括使用:前部和参照椎骨5优越的舌骨距离测量;前壁和优越舌骨位移为C2-4长度的比,也参照椎骨6;在参考了椎骨7喉部优越的运动; hyolaryngeal approximat离子1;并在参考椎骨1最大舌骨游览。此外,分别计算三种新型测量:咽缩短逼近palatopharyngeus肌肉的附 ​​件,喉海拔下面有一行的行动代表茎突和舌骨漂移近似舌骨肌4,8的附件。

专家头部和颈部解剖(WP),3名调查员的有限经验,采取测量(CJ,SR,TT),和两个新手调查(RS,JT)获得使用下面描述的协议坐标映射数据。专家(WP)训练三个评价者与经验,而这些反过来又训练有素的两个新手评价者。按主题由坐标计算的坐标数据和结果间信度是由组内相关系数9确定。双尾t检验对各变量进行判断statisticall在弹丸类型Ÿ显著差异。 Pearson相关系数和决定系数被用来评估与椎骨作为参考与舌骨游览与下颌骨作为对5毫升薄燕液和5ml的参考轴的轴计算舌骨漂移的结果之间的协议布丁燕子。

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Protocol

1,配置一台电脑

  1. 对于Macintosh,下载下面的开源或免费软件:ImageJ的,MacX视频转换器免费版(苹果机)和QuickTime(见表格材料/设备)。
  2. 对于一台PC,下载下面的开源或免费软件:ImageJ的,MPEG Streamclip(PC)和QuickTime(见表格材料/设备)。

2,准备视频剪辑

  1. 文件转换。将原始的视频文件转换为。MOV在ImageJ的数据收集。注:可用的视频应该包括下颌骨,硬腭,C1-C4椎体,喉和咽的视野。 ImageJ的处理工具,可以提高图像质量问题。
    1. 与PC,采用MPEG Streamclip,通过文件加载原始的AVI视频文件>>打开文件并选择所需的剪辑。选择文件>>导出为QuickTime。
    2. 在Mac中,使用MacX视频转换器,单击“添加文件”,然后选择视频(S)的合作n版本。多个视频可以在使用该应用程序一次进行转换。
    3. 在输出设置部分中,单击浏览按钮并选择所需的位置来保存转换后的文件。
    4. 点击“为MOV”选项卡上。确保在“视频设置”部分中的输出格式是MOV。单击开始。
  2. 编辑剪辑的长度。内存与ImageJ的限制。建议每吞下一个文件进行。
    1. 打开MOV。使用QuickTime(PC或Mac)在步骤2.1创建的视频文件。
    2. 确定5毫升薄液和布丁燕子由音频队列或吞服顺序由数据采集过程中使用的MBS协议概述。
    3. 选择编辑>>修剪和调整裁剪栏,使整个5毫升薄燕流体可视化。单击修剪。
    4. 选择文件>>导出和创建将被用于对象数据(性别,年龄,病因,丸型)链接到首席运营官文件名rdinate映射的结果。
    5. 重复布丁燕子(或为任何其他利益丸)。

3,去识别图像

  1. 如果文件包含的任何个人健康信息(PHI),需要去鉴定,用上传图片j中的文件(见4.1 - 4.2)。
  2. 使用矩形工具框吞咽研究,以排除潜在危险。选择图片>>作物。然后选择文件>>另存为>> QuickTime影片。
  3. 配置对话框如下:压缩>>索伦森3;质量>>最大,输入相应的帧速率(通常每秒30帧)。

4,准备测量

  1. 打开ImageJ的。点击工具栏上的“>>”图标。选择>>箭头标记工具。
  2. 上传图片。点击QuickTime的图标。从下拉菜单中选择“打开电影作为堆栈”,并找到编辑QuickTime的剪辑。伊玛葛坚不打开整个燕子研究,由于内存限制(见步骤2.2)。内存可以通过选择编辑来最小扩展>>选项>>内存和线程。
  3. 处理图像,以提高图像质量。选择流程>>数学>>添加。检查预览框,并调整编号,所需的图像质量。回复是处理图像的整个堆栈。
  4. 设置测量。选择分析>>从ImageJ的菜单设置测量。在该对话框中标记“堆栈中的位置”和“反转Y坐标的单位”。取消标记一切。
  5. 从工具栏中选择多点工具。依次单击解剖标志(见5.0)
  6. 使用多工具。
    1. 采取所有点的测量方法是从菜单或键盘命令+ M(控制+ M适用于PC)选择分析>>测量。
    2. 删除与命令所有点+ A键(控制+ A的PC机)。
    3. 通过将鼠标悬停Ø删除单点版本一个点,然后按住命令选项键,然后单击要删除的点。
    4. 通过将鼠标悬停在某个点上,点击,拖放一个点到一个新的位置移动的奇点。
    5. 将所有点连同箭头键。

5,测绘地标

  1. 在开始第一帧,并提前在预口头阶段明确的框架。观察前的燕子口服运输开始舌头的前部,上缘丸的位置。使用此框架来设置首九个月的坐标。
  2. 使用ImageJ的多点工具来映射第9坐标在下面解剖标志(参见图3a3b)
  3. 使用命令+ M键(控制+ M适用于PC)记录前九个坐标。
  4. 提前帧,直到舌骨已达到最大位置,前部和卓越的方向。通过推进帧插件确认最大舌骨的URE后裔开始下一帧上。
  5. 搬迁点1 - 5到他们的新位置。 14 - 作为坐标10这些新的职位将被记录。
  6. 搬迁9点,这反过来又成为协调18注:帧将可能各有不同,下面两个步骤。
  7. 找到帧描绘最大喉抬高。调整点7和8,这将作为坐标16和17。
  8. 查找框(S)表示UE的最大偏移,6点(坐标15)。从最大舌骨框架,找出帧中丸是由咽部的UES阻碍。调整坐标点UES从最小帧来表示UES最大坐标18。
  9. 使用命令+ M键(控制+ M适用于PC)记录第二九坐标。
  10. 对于坐标19和20标记标量的边缘(一分钱或1.9厘米环)在表示不透射线标记的最长直径的轴。
  11. 使用命令+ M键录音标坐标S(控制+ M的个人电脑)。

6,变换使用宏坐标数据到感兴趣的运动测量启用Excel文件(该宏的说明都包含在该文件)

注:嵌入在宏三角函数的计算计算运动测量( 图4)。

  1. 从朱庇特的文章页面下载“CoordinateMapping.xlsm”。
  2. 请按照表格说明初始化文件。初始化宏将创建三个表,包括:成果,数据和输入表。注:Macintosh用户必须启用Excel中的开发工具来运行宏。
  3. 从ImageJ的结果窗口坐标复制并粘贴到在“输入表”指定的单元格。运行“datacaptureline”宏。
  4. 结果将出现在“结果”表。的坐标数据线将出现在“数据”工作表。

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Representative Results

组内相关系数由六个调查谁独立分析80视频透视文件(从40名受试者2丸试行)采集坐标(ICC)介于ICC = 0.90 - 0.97。国际刑事法院的坐标由A组分类如下:坐标#1 - 5(至少hyolaryngeal游览骨骼元素)平均= 0.93,0.91 - 0.95,95%CI;坐标#6 - 9(hyolaryngeal复杂最小hyolaryngeal偏移)平均= 0.94,092 - 0.96,95%CI;坐标#10 - 14(最大hyolaryngeal偏移骨骼元素)平均= 0.93,0.91 - 0.95,95%CI;并协调#15 - 18(hyolaryngeal复杂,最大hyolaryngeal偏移)平均= 0.96,0.94 - 0.97,95%CI为。这些结果表明,法官之间有很强的可靠性是可以实现的使用坐标映射。

国际刑事法院从主题和丸从六个独立的评估者收集坐标计算的十变吞下透露与国际刑事法院单科= 0.54为5毫升薄液体燕子和ICC = 0.47。本MBS研究的目视检查确诊的图像质量很差。撇除这个问题,所有的国际刑事法院和95%置信区间的均值为0.91, ,0.84-0 .96为所分析的MBS文件的剩余部分。这些结果表明变量间的判断的可靠性是有益的,以确定是否为特定文件的图象质量是可接受的。

5毫升薄液体燕子和5ml布丁燕子通过计算变量使用双尾t检验的比较产生了以下的p-值与所有测量包括(N = 234):蚂蚁。舌骨运动P = 0.82,燮。舌骨运动P = 0.0001,舌骨游览(下颌骨)p值= 0.09,舌骨游览(椎骨),P = 0.0005,燮。喉运动P = 0.003,Hyolaryngeal近似P = 0.42,喉海拔p= 0.02,咽缩短 M> P = 0.0000,舌骨游览(下颌骨,C2 - C4),P = 0.06,喉海拔(C2 - 4)P = 0.01( 图5)(表2)。这些结果显示什么运动变量在这个随机抽样相差丸粘度。

Pearson相关系数,并确定与椎骨作为参考轴相对偏移舌骨与下颌骨作为用于5毫升薄液和5ml布丁燕子参考轴线相比计算舌骨偏移的系数为如下:R = 0.621,R 2 = 0.37(5毫升薄液), r = 0.49,R 2 = 0.24(5毫升布丁)。此结果表明,舌骨运动是多因素;如果舌骨肌完全移位的舌骨,那么这些测量将被强烈的相关性(> 0.90)。

N“FO:SRC =”/ files/ftp_upload/51476/51476fig1highres.jpg“SRC =”/ files/ftp_upload/51476/51476fig1.jpg“/>
图1插图的暂停和提升hyolaryngeal复杂的元素,包括舌骨,喉,甲状舌骨(TH),和上食管括约肌(UES)的肌肉吊索:前肌悬吊1)颏舌骨2)前二腹肌3。 )下颌舌骨4)茎突舌骨5)后二腹肌。;后路肌吊带6。)palatopharyngeus 7。)咽鼓管8)茎突。

图2
图2。九坐标(蓝色)的映射下颌骨,颅底和椎骨(红色)及hyolaryngeal复杂(绿色)的元素。

图3a 图3a。标为5的坐标映射3骨骼杆作为可视化的MBS(#1 =颌骨,其中,下颌骨的身体的劣线满足下颌骨沿耻骨联合的轮廓,硬腭#2 =后边缘,其中它穿过下颌骨升支前缘,#3 =前路寰椎结节(C1),C2椎体#4 =前下缘,#5 =前C4椎体下缘)。

图3b
图3b。地标为四个坐标映射hyolaryngeal复杂的元素,包括舌骨,喉和食管上括约肌(#6 =劣质空气山坳UMN下咽近端食管上括约肌,#7 =后路,环状软骨在气管空气柱(后喉)下缘的,#8 =前,环状软骨在气管空气柱(前喉下缘),#9 =前舌骨下缘)。

图4
图4三角坐标数据的变换:为了跟踪一个里程碑前舌骨)的运动对杆为基准轴第一候×(例如:椎由C1-C4表示),y坐标:1 = C1,2 = C4,3 =舌骨。那么,参照B =轴,C =角利益,A =斜边。 *坐标之间的任何距离,使用毕氏定理的证明长度的推导。 *任何利益角度利用余弦定理推导证明的#3在参考参考轴线(B线)角度C.前排量= I'-I,其中I'= SIN(C')a'和I =罪(C)一个。排名第3的参考基准轴线高级位移= II-II',其中II = COS(C)a和II'= COS(C')一'。这些公式可转换成容纳的参考表示吞咽装置的三个骨架杠杆之一各个轴。

图5
图5:从比较协调比较5毫升薄液与5毫升布丁MBS燕子(N = 39)计算运动学变量的石板结果。 AH =前舌骨运动,SH =卓越的舌骨运动中,他M =舌骨 游览在参考了米andible, 伏=舌骨 游览在参考了椎骨, SupLx =喉上运动,HyLx = hyolaryngeal逼近,LxEl =喉海拔(向颅底),PhxSh =咽缩短,何M * =舌骨游览的参考与C2的下颌骨- 4标量,LxEl * =喉头抬高与C 2 - 4标量。

测量变量的参考轴纯量描述
前舌骨运动椎骨厘米 Kim和麦卡洛2008年描述的,计算舌骨的位移(坐标9)远离线逼近脊椎骨(线路连接坐标3和5,分别代表C1和C4分别)
高级舌骨运动椎骨厘米用K描述即时通讯和麦卡洛2008,计算舌骨的位移(坐标9)在平行于直线近似的C1-C4椎骨的方向。
舌骨漂移(下颌骨) 下颌骨下颌舌骨线厘米计算走向线接近下颌舌骨线下颌骨(坐标1&3)舌骨的位移。这种测量近似于舌骨肌的功能。
舌骨游览(椎骨) 椎骨厘米由Leonard等描述,2000,解析该前壁和舌骨的运动矢量优越远离线近似的C1-C4的椎骨
喉上运动椎骨厘米 Logemann等人,2000所描述,计算喉部的位移(坐标8)在平行于直线逼近脊椎骨的方向
Hyolaryngeal逼近 N / A 厘米由Leonard等人,2000年描述,计算舌骨的近似值(坐标9)和喉(坐标8)
喉抬高 N / A 厘米计算后喉(坐标7)向C1(坐标3)逼近茎突的附件的位移。
咽缩短 N / A 厘米计算UE的位移(坐标6)向硬腭(坐标2)近似palatopharyngeus的附件。
舌骨漂移(下颌骨) 椎骨 C2-4 如上所述,但是使用C 2-C 4的标量(坐标4和5)由Steele等人所述。日
喉海拔(椎骨) 椎骨 C2-4 如上所述,但你SES的C 2-C 4的标量(坐标4和5)由Steele等人所述。日

表1。位移测量的说明。

测量变量 5毫升薄液(N = 234测量) 5毫升布丁(N = 234测量) p值
意味着 SD 意味着 SD (2尾t-检验)
前舌骨运动 1.10 0.41 1.11 0.40 0.82
高级舌骨运动 1.49 0.66 1.76 0.75 0.0001
舌骨漂移(下颌骨) 1.37 0.48 1.45 0.48 0.09
舌骨游览(椎骨) 1.93 0.57 2.15 0.69 0.001
喉上运动 3.32 0.88 3.60 1.03 0.003
Hyolaryngeal逼近 1.10 0.57 1.14 0.55 0.42
喉抬高 2.53 0.67 2.70 0.76 0.02
咽缩短 1.30 0.62 1.66 0.65 0.0000
舌骨漂移(下颌骨) 0.36 0.12 0.38 0.13 0.06
舌骨游览(椎骨) 0.67 0.16 0.71 0.19 0.01

表2。均值,标准差,和5毫升的p-值稀薄液体与5毫升布丁。

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Discussion

这项研究表明,利用坐标解剖标志数据来计算吞咽hyolaryngeal运动的多个运动测量的方法的有效性。六评价者,其中包括两名新手评价者,对于坐标和​​计算变量间信度为强(ICC> 0.90)。来自健康非吞咽困难的成年人的随机样本的代表性结果表明响应于2丸剂类型的几个运动学参数的差异。我们还发现,使用的参考不同的轴,用于计算舌骨的偏移产生的未很强的相关性的结果。

收集解剖标志数据,减少了时间,并消除变异通过其他方法1,5-7用多次测量出台。运动测量的全面补充,可以计算并用在因子分析或主成分分析,如果所有的坐标都是可见的。另外,如果一个研究问题涉及较少的变量,较少的坐标可能需要计算距离测量更小的石板。初始化宏将确定的坐标需要收集。这种技术是使用开源或随时可用的软件,以鼓励吞咽困难研究广泛使用而开发的。这些多个步骤可以结合到市售的软件,有可能使该技术可行在临床环境中。

修改的协议,可以向容纳计算的偏好。 ImageJ的可以阅读。avi文件等等。 QuickTime的被选择保留以最小的文件尺寸最大的图像分辨率。宏启用的Excel文件是在它的第一个版本。为限制或发现问题并修复代码中,新版本将被上传。一个已知的问题是,1.0不允许丢失数据。电流丽mitation是,结果不能以SI生成(报道厘米)和解剖单元(报告为C 2 - C 4的距离)在同一时间。电流的解决方案是初始化一个Excel工作簿来报告SI单位,另一个使用使用ImageJ收集相同的数据报告解剖台。这些和其他问题将由作者(FO,WP)加以解决随着时间的推移。

至关重要的有效性和可靠性在这种方法中稠度:坐标的解剖标志的映射,以及最小和坐标的最大重编码帧选择。它始终如一马克解剖学界标是重要的。因为大多数的运动的测量计算为在距离中的最小和最大测量值的差,一致性将确保运动学测量表示吞咽感兴趣的功能。帧选择可以通过控制不佳的数据收集在最小帧为ST中描述的透视浴室羞愧EP 5.1不成像。在最大采集坐标,也可以当摄像机和患者的运动是突然羞愧。舌骨和喉的最大值通常是相同​​的帧附近实现的,但是UES的最大值(相当于咽缩短)可以变化。每一帧代表30毫秒的时间。在情况下,许多帧分开的地标6最大偏移 - 5留在原地 - 9,它是确定地标编号1是非常重要的。

产生这种技术的其他限制使用的成像数据。这种技术推断从二维数据的三维空间关系。透视图像,如X光片,也受到放大和扭曲,这可能会影响这些测量的有效性。实现内部或信度与图像质量差是困难的。最后是与实现可靠性相关的学习曲线。

在目前的研究中,可靠性是由测试比较六评价者测量的坐标;其中包括两个新手评价者,三评价者与经验,一个专家。我们发现,训练影响可靠性。新手评分者之间的协议是ICC = 0.88,而更有经验和专家评分者之间的协议是ICC = 0.95。一个反复出现的主题,可靠性训练是帧选择,强调的最小和最大hyolaryngeal偏移,以提高可靠性的明确的操作定义的重要性。最后,图像质量会影响可靠性。通过比较变量通过主旨的字符串,IC卡被用来确定抵押贷款支持证券与图像质量不佳。为研究目的,我们提出拒绝的图像与ICC <0.70的评判间的协议。在我们的研究中,有一个ICC主题= 0.54为5毫升薄液体燕子和ICC = 0.47为5毫升布丁被确定。按揭证券的目视检查证实,图像质量差可以通过统计分析来识别。

这种技术允许变化的评价运动学测量2的计算和解释。在吞咽障碍的研究特别感兴趣的是如何舌骨的运动测量和解释。从不同的参考轴计算舌骨漂移不是高度相关。判定系数显示了对椎骨ONL计量舌骨运动Ÿ预测舌骨运动对下颌骨在5毫升薄液体燕子测量作为参考轴的方差的37%,并在5毫升布丁燕子24%。这表明,其他运动占舌骨运动。舌骨是由舌骨肌附着于下颌骨和颅底。由于下颌骨保持相对固定吞咽时,舌骨接近下颌骨代表整个舌骨肌的向心收缩的。当测量对椎骨舌骨运动,它很可能是寰枕关节(头部后仰或前屈)的运动与混为一谈归属于舌上功能舌骨运动。

在参考了下颌骨的设计测量舌骨漂移更准确地代表了底层的功能性解剖8。两项研究的愿望关联减弱舌骨运动和风险发现不同的结果;一个关联diminishe舌骨和其他发现运动前的6,10●优异的运动。无论是在参照椎骨测量舌骨运动。要确定是否舌骨运动是愿望的一种生物标志物,我们认为研究应该测量舌骨运动关系到骨骼的杠杆,它的肌肉取代舌骨附着,而不是关系到脊椎,以他们不重视。

在研究中使用位移测量,重要的是定义感兴趣的解剖相关因素。这一发现从不同的参考坐标轴计算,舌骨漂移不是高度相关强调需要考虑什么运动测量实际上代表。在参考了椎骨舌骨漂移代表头部和颈部伸展和收缩舌上的协变功能。如果理解舌骨肌底层函数是更重要的,然后测量在参考价值舌骨偏移考到下颌骨更准确3,8。建议喉高程和咽缩短变量相关联的长咽肌,肌肉通过提升颅神经Ⅸ和Ⅹ3,4支配喉的后部吊带。然而,其他的肌肉有助于喉癌海拔和咽缩短。坐标映射允许调查来衡量所选变量的数组,但变量应该在一个特定的研究问题的背景下进行选择。因此,重要的是要承认的肌肉所依据这些测量的协变函数。

坐标映射的数据可用于在形态学分析,以评估在正常和异常的协变形状变化吞咽11。该hyolaryngeal设备的形态学分析表明肌肉骨骼adaptions各种条件,包括吞咽障碍。坐标映射吞咽复的形态分析nction最终可能会提供有关吞咽和吞咽障碍的生物力学比单纯运动更有用的信息。未来的方向包括发展坐标的数据库表型吞咽和使用运动成绩和形态分析吞咽障碍。这样的数据库将使我们能够确定吞咽和吞咽吞咽障碍的各种病因相关的减值底层的功能解剖。坐标的策略也可以应用到坐标可以如动态MRI或320探测器排多层螺旋CT 12获得其他成像方式。

总之,坐标数据是计算在吞咽hyolaryngeal运动的多个可靠的运动测量是有用的。动态测量必须的研究问题和潜在的解剖学的内容作出解释。有些位移变量都加上特定的肌肉群功能和s青梅都没有。坐标也可以在吞咽的形态测定分析使用。

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Disclosures

作者宣称,他们有没有竞争的财务权益。

Acknowledgments

作者承认Kendrea福赫特,CSCD,CCC-SLP和伊夫林特拉梅尔研究院语音和吞咽在南卡罗来纳医科大学分享MBS用来证明这种方法的成像文件。从国家中心的推进转化科学和授权号1K24DC12801(PI:马丁 - 哈里斯):这些MBS数据是通过授权号TL1TR000061(福赫特PI)的资助外支持从收集国立耳聋与其他交流障碍,并肌壁间支持马克和伊夫林特拉梅尔信任。这些方法最初是由主要研究者开发的,而通过授权号F31DC011705从国立耳聋与其他交流障碍的支持。内容完全是作者的责任,并不一定代表国立耳聋与其他交流障碍或国家机构的官方意见健康的。

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
ImageJ   NIH http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/download.html For Macintosh
MacX Video Converter Free Edition (Mac) Digiarty http://www.macxdvd.com/mac-video-converter-free/ For Macintosh
QuickTime  Apple http://support.apple.com/downloads/#QuickTime For Macintosh
ImageJ   NIH http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/download.html For a PC
MPEG Streamclip (PC)  Squared 5 http://www.squared5.com For a PC
QuickTime Apple http://support.apple.com/downloads/#QuickTime For a PC

DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

References

  1. Leonard, R. J., Kendall, K. A., McKenzie, S., Gonçalves, M. I., Walker, A. Structural Displacements in Normal Swallowing: A Videofluoroscopic Study. Dysphagia. 15, 146-152 (2000).
  2. Molfenter, S. M., Steele, C. M. Physiological Variability in the Deglutition Literature: Hyoid and Laryngeal Kinematics. Dysphagia. 26, 67-74 (2010).
  3. Pearson, W. G., Hindson, D. F., Langmore, S. E., Zumwalt, A. C. Evaluating Swallowing Muscles Essential for Hyolaryngeal Elevation by Using Muscle Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics. 85, 735-740 (2013).
  4. Pearson, W. G., Langmore, S. E., Yu, L. B., Zumwalt, A. C. Structural Analysis of Muscles Elevating the Hyolaryngeal Complex. Dysphagia. 27, 445-451 (2012).
  5. Kim, Y., McCullough, G. H. Maximum hyoid displacement in normal swallowing. Dysphagia. 23, 274-279 (2008).
  6. Steele, C. M., et al. The relationship between hyoid and laryngeal displacement and swallowing impairment. Clin. Otolaryngol. 36, 30-36 (2011).
  7. Logemann, J. A., et al. Temporal and Biomechanical Characteristics of Oropharyngeal Swallow in Younger and Older Men. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. 43, 1264-1274 (2000).
  8. Pearson, W., Langmore, S., Zumwalt, A. Evaluating the Structural Properties of Suprahyoid Muscles and their Potential for Moving the Hyoid. Dysphagia. 26, 345-351 (2011).
  9. Hopkins, W. G. Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Med. 30, 1-15 (2000).
  10. Bingjie, L., Zhang, T., Sun, X., Xu, J., Jiang, G. Quantitative videofluoroscopic analysis of penetration-aspiration in post-stroke patients. Neurol. India. 58, 42-47 (2010).
  11. Webster, M., Sheets, H. D., Alroy, J., Hunt, G. A practical introduction to landmark-based geometric morphometrics. Quantitative Methods in Paleobiology. Paleontological Society Papers. 16, 163-188 (2010).
  12. Inamoto, Y., et al. Evaluation of swallowing using 320-detector-row multislice CT. Part II: Kinematic analysis of laryngeal closure during normal swallowing. Dysphagia. 26, 209-217 (2011).

Tags

医药,87期,电视透视,修改吞钡的研究,hyolaryngeal运动,吞咽,吞咽困难,吞咽困难的研究,hyolaryngeal复杂
协调Hyolaryngeal力学映射在吞咽
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Cite this Article

Thompson, T. Z., Obeidin, F.,More

Thompson, T. Z., Obeidin, F., Davidoff, A. A., Hightower, C. L., Johnson, C. Z., Rice, S. L., Sokolove, R. L., Taylor, B. K., Tuck, J. M., Pearson, Jr., W. G. Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing. J. Vis. Exp. (87), e51476, doi:10.3791/51476 (2014).

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    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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