출생 후 신경 발생의 연구 Organotypic 슬라이스 문화
Summary
여기에서 우리는 Organotypic 슬라이스 문화 기술을 사용하여 해마 출생 후 신경 세포를 연구하는 기술에 대해 설명합니다. 이 방법은 성인 신경의 체외에서 조작이 가능하며 배양 된 해마되는 약물의 직접 적용이 가능합니다.
Abstract
여기서 우리는 Organotypic 슬라이스 배양 기술을 이용하여 쥐의 뇌에서 해마 신경 산후을 연구하는 기술을 설명한다. 개발 해마 치아 이랑에되는 약물의 직접 적용을 허용하면서이 방법은 해마의 특징적인 지형 형태를 유지한다. 또한, 슬라이스 배양 물은 4 주까지 유지 될 수 있으며, 따라서, 일 그래뉼은 신생아 신경 세포의 성숙 과정을 연구 할 수있다. 복소 변수를 제외하면서 슬라이스 문화는 해마의 해부학 깊은 위치뿐만 아니라 혈액 뇌 장벽과 관련된 불확실성으로 해마 슬라이스 약리학 효율적인 조작이 가능. 이러한 이유로, 우리는 출생 후 신경 연구를 위해 특별히 Organotypic 슬라이스 문화를 최적화하기 위해 노력했다.
Introduction
Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian hippocampus represents a remarkable example of the brain’s innate capacity for adaptability and plasticity. Dentate granule cells (DGCs) are generated from a renewable pool of neural progenitor cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, which is one of the two presently well-characterized neurogenic regions in the mammalian brain, and is thought to be particularly important for learning and memory. The hippocampus is part of the limbic system and has a deep location within the mammalian brain, which makes it a difficult target for precise pharmacological manipulation. Additionally, aberrant neurogenesis has been implicated in conditions, such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease, which has prompted interest in understanding the influence of various pharmacological agents during the maturation and survival of newborn neurons. The distinction between postnatal and adult neurogenesis is blurred and previous studies have shown that many features of in vivo neuronal development in the early postnatal period and adulthood are similar25. Here we emphasize postnatal neurogenesis and suggest possible applications to adult neurogenesis.
Organotypic slice cultures provide an efficient in vitro method for studying various physiological properties of the mammalian hippocampus. The value of slice cultures prepared from rodent brains can be summarized in three main qualities: 1) the protocol is straightforward and requires readily available materials; 2) slice cultures allow for pharmacological studies that eliminate complex variables such as the deep anatomic location of the hippocampus and circumvents the blood brain barrier1; and 3) the well characterized structure of the hippocampus and tri-synaptic circuit is preserved2. Previous investigators have used the organotypic hippocampal culture to study synaptic development and physiology3,4, gliogenesis5-7, ischemic brain damage8,9, neuroprotection and neurorepair10-12 as well as epilepsy13-15.The slice cultures could also provide a useful model system allowing for the monitoring of cell development in conjunction with labeling of cells with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or other vital markers.
Slice cultures have also been previously employed to study postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis16-19, but one important factor in the majority of these studies is the well-characterized degeneration that results from explanting tissue from adult animals after approximately 2 weeks in vitro20,21. For this reason, slice cultures are typically prepared from early post-natal (P5-P10) mice or rat pups, which utilizes the improved viability of early postnatal brain tissue for culturing22. While previous studies have shown that the early postnatal and adult hippocampus differ with regards to synaptic physiology and the expression of specific neuronal subtypes23,24, there is substantial conservation of the choreographed developmental program that newborn dentate granule cells proceed through during maturation25. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that the physiological characteristics of newborn DGCs in culture are very similar to immature neurons in the acute hippocampal slice preparation16.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
CldU (또는 BrdU의) 투여 후, 약리 에이전트의 응용 프로그램의 타임 라인이 특히 발달이 진행되는 동안 신생아 DGCs을 대상으로 선택 될 수있다. 예를 들어, 에이전트는 가상의 GABA가 탈분극 곳 발달 단계에있는 미성숙 뉴런의 나이와 일치하는 것이 제안되어 두번째 주 사후 CldU 주입 동안 적용될 수있다. 이 프로토콜을 이용하여 향후 연구 약리 에이전트 및 "맞춤형"관심있는 특정 실험 질문 ?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a research grant MOP 119271 to JMW by the Canadian Institute of Health Research. The authors would like to thank Ms. Yao Fang Tan for her outstanding technical assistance.
Materials
| Name of Reagent/ Equipment | Company | Catalog Number | Comments/Description |
| 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine (CldU) | MP Biomedicals | 105478 | Hazardous, Carcinogenic |
| Cell culture inserts, 30mm diameter, 0.4µm pore size | Thermo scientific | 140660 | Nuclon delta coating on these inserts provides better tissue adhesion and improves slice quality. |
| Conical Centrifuge tubes (sterile) | Fisher Scientific | 14-432-22 | |
| Dissector scissors (angled to side) | Fine Science Tools | 14082-09 | |
| Minimum essential medium (MEM) | Gibco | 11095; liquid | Store at 4°C |
| Eclipse Ni-U fluorescent microscope | Nikon | ||
| Glue for tissue | Krazy Glue | KG585 | Use minimum amount of glue to achieve adhesion as any tissue exposed to glue will be unusable for IHC. |
| Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) (500 mL) | Gibco | 14025-092 | Store at 4°C |
| Horse Serum Heat Inactivated (500 mL) | Gibco | 16050-122 | Make 50 mL aliquots and store at -20°C |
| Kimwipes | Kimberly-Clarke | TW 31KYPBX | |
| Modified glass pipettes (bottom of Pasteur pipette removed and edge smoothed with Bunsen flame) | |||
| Petri Dish (100mm x 15mm) and (60mm x 15mm) | Fisher Brand | FB0875712 and FB0875713A | |
| Scalpel blades #11 | Fine Science Tools | 10011-00 | |
| Scalpel handle #3 | Fine Science Tools | 10003-12 | |
| Serological Pipettes | Sorfa Medical Plastic Co. | P8050 | |
| Standard Pattern forceps | Fine Science Tools | 11000-12 | |
| Sterile vacuum filter | Thermo-Scientific | 565-0020 | |
| Surgical Scissors | Fine Science Tools | 14054-13 | |
| Syringe driven filter unit | Millipore-Millex | SLGP033RS | |
| Tissue chopper with moveable stage | Stoelting | 51425 | |
| Fine tip paintbrush |
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