Waiting
Login processing...

Trial ends in Request Full Access Tell Your Colleague About Jove
Click here for the English version

Medicine

确定肌电疲劳阈值以下单次访问运动试验

Published: July 27, 2015 doi: 10.3791/52729

Abstract

从理论上讲,肌电图(EMG)疲劳阈是运动强度个人可以无限期地保持,而不需要招募其与增加的肌电振幅相关联的更多的运动单位。虽然不同的协议已被用于估计肌电疲劳阈它们需要多次访问这是不切实际的临床环境。在这里,我们提出了一个协议,用于估算周期测力肌电图疲劳阈值,需要一个单一的访问。这个协议是简单,方便,并在15-20分钟内完成,因此,具有将其转化为临床医生在运动处方可以使用工具的潜力。

Introduction

表面肌电图(EMG)是研究过程中等距1-3运动单位招聘,等速4-6,或连续7-10肌肉动作的一种非侵入性的方法。肌电图信号的振幅表示肌肉激活它由电机单元的数目激活的马达单元的燃烧率,或两者11。的肌电疲劳阈的概念被用来指示在其中个人可以无限期地行使不增加肌电振幅8的最高工作负荷。

重要的是要简要讨论的肌电疲劳阈原点。由DeVries医师等人 12的最初的研究涉及一种协议,它由多个(通常为3至4个)连续工作较量,其中肌电振幅对时间作图每个工作回合。然后,输出功率为作图从EMG幅度的斜率系数随时间RELA tionship,然后外推至零斜率(y截距)12。笔者原本12被称为该协议的实际工作能力,在疲劳阈值(PWCFT)。在另一项研究中,DeVries医师 13间断使用一阵阵的工作,但使用的是线性回归找到第一动力输出,导致了肌电图振幅随时间的关系显著斜率。作者13也被称为该协议的PWCFT,开创了文学有些混乱。在随后的文章中,DeVries医师 14修改他们早先的协议13,并制定了持续渐进的协议。肌电振幅对时间作图的每个功率输出和PWCFT被定义为输出功率最高的,导致在肌电振幅没有随时间的变化和功率输出最低,导致增加的EMG振幅随着时间的推移14的平均。

耳鼻喉科“>应当指出的是,预委会最初引入在20世纪50年代后期15,16和术语是同义的过多文献(过去,现在,和在不同的国家)检查在给定的工作负载17有氧能力,此外,这个词用在人体工程学和工业文献其中重点为期8个小时工作日内完成重复性动作工人一天到一天的工作效率,例如在一个组装厂18个人。

术语肌电疲劳阈最初使用由Matsumoto和同事19它们改性的DeVries医师12协议,其中所述功率输出与所述EMG振幅对时间关系的斜率系数被绘制并外推至零斜率的点之后。最近,古费等人 20和布里斯科等人 8使用DeVries医师等人 14的方法和Matsumoto 等一个术语负于19操作性定义肌电图疲劳阈值。展望未来,我们建议长期EMG疲劳阈值来使用。因此,EMG振幅对时间的关系,绘制用于 ​​每个输出功率并使用线性回归分析( 图1)进行分析。为了估计肌电疲劳阈值时,功率输出最高与非显著(P> 0.05)的斜率和功率输出最低有显著(P <0.05)斜率被确定,然后计算平均值14。这个协议是简单,方便,并在15-20分钟内完成。此外,增量速率可以基于惯常的体力活动的个体的水平进行调制,并且因此具有在临床应用潜力。

Subscription Required. Please recommend JoVE to your librarian.

Protocol

所有的程序都为人类受试者批准的大学机构审查委员会。

1.准备参展的腿

  1. 有参与者整齐地挽起短裤所需的腿部。然后用胶带将短裤从而使股四头肌肌肉群暴露和借鉴各地的参与者需要刮胡子的区域线。
  2. 重要提示:有测试,而不是以前的前一天参加剃光的腿,因为这可确保没有茬口这可能与肌电信号干扰。
  3. 一旦参与者已完成剃须腿部的所需区域,清理剃光面积与酒精擦,以确保没有残存的剃须凝胶(或奶油),它可以与肌电信号的干扰。

2.测量腿的电极放置

  1. 为了将肌电电极上的股外侧肌,使FOllowing测量
    1. 有与会者站直面临的研究员。
    2. 定位前脊柱髂优越(ASIS)和髌骨的侧面。该ASIS是髋骨;通过将手放在脐下腹部两侧触诊它。
    3. 用卷尺,测量上面确定的两个位置之间的距离,并取该值的2/3就行从ASIS到髌骨的横向侧。注:http://www.seniam.org/:关于肌电电极安置的进一步的信息可以在SENIAM(表面肌电图肌肉的非侵入性评估)网址找到

3.放置肌电电极的

  1. 股外侧的位置已被确定后,将电极肌电图(大多数研究人员使用市售一次性银银电极氯),地点在股外侧肌无需拆卸粘合SH屈服。然后用钢笔标记,其中所述电极的凝胶部分与肌肉接触的区域。确保极间距离为20mm的中心到中心。
  2. 用一张砂纸(60粗)的轻轻研磨这两方面来消除皮肤的表层。在此期间,请参加者的不适的水平。停止研磨,当参与者表示该地区是温暖的。
  3. 与被蘸有酒精擦或酒精棉签毛巾清洁磨损领域。允许在腿上放置区的肌电电极之前进行干燥。
  4. 将肌电电极上进行研磨的位点( 图2)。小心不要对髂胫束(IT波段)的电极。请参与者收缩股四头肌的肌肉,以触诊股外侧。放置在肌肉的电极,以确保它不是对IT频带。注意:如果对IT乐队电极,肌电信号WOU当参与者被要求最大限度合同LD被挫伤。
  5. 放置在一个多骨附着位点的参考电极( 第三电极)如ASIS从而不与下肢的运动的运动回合期间干扰。

4.检查肌电图信号

  1. 在此之前开始运动试验,检查极间的阻抗。
    注:这一步非常关键,因为如果信号有太多的噪音,然后在运动试验中收集的肌电图的数据将是无效的。
    1. 有参与者坐在椅子上,并连接EMG导致连接到参与者的腿部各自的电极。
    2. 在这一点上,有与会者放松自己的腿,有肌肉无张力。然后,大约30秒的放松后,有参与者最大限度的收缩股四头肌肌肉持续5秒钟,然后回去做彻底的放松。
    3. 当执行该任务的博韦(步骤4.1.2),记录在计算机上的参与者肌电信号。
    4. 确保极间阻抗<2000欧姆。此外,如果一个电压表可在实验室中,然后检查基线噪音并保持低于5μV。此外,设置取样频率在1000赫兹。

5.设定行动的功率自行车

  1. 检查极间的阻抗后,已经从椅​​子到功率自行车参与者的举动。
  2. 有参与者站在旁边的功率自行车,并提高他们的膝盖直到大腿与地面平行。然后让参与者持这一立场,并调整座椅高度来匹配相同的高度参与者的大腿。
  3. 此后,有与会者坐在功率自行车的座位,然后踏板几次,同时询问他们是否有舒适的座椅高度。如果需要,调整座椅高度。
  4. 确保THAT中的参与者的腿是接近满延用,每个踏板革命期间轻微的弯曲(〜5℃)的膝盖。
  5. 在开始测试之前,有参与者戴上极地心脏监测仪,使心脏速率可以记录整个运动试验。

6.执行肌电图疲劳阈协议

  1. 有参与者开始循环,并逐步增加他们的节奏,以70转/分。那么功率输出的功率自行车增加至50 ​​W.
  2. 有与会者循环在这个功率输出大约2-3分钟。
    注:这是一种低强度的运动,并将作为热身。
  3. 预热期后,增加功率输出25瓦,每2分钟,直到参与者不再能够维持70转/分的节奏或要求该测试被停止。
    注意:应该注意的是,运动试验中,肌电图信号被记录为10在每个2分阶段秒10-20,30-40,50-60,70-80,90-100秒的时代,和110-120 21。大多数肌电图系统将有一个选项可以设置自动记录在所需的时间间隔。因此,对于每个阶段应该有6个数据文件。
  4. 一旦增量测试已经结束,有参加者在50进行冷却W.检查冷却的长度相当于其参与者的心脏回报率的值在热身阶段。通过使用极性心脏监测仪检查参与者的心脏监测这一点。
  5. 一旦冷却完成后,取出EMG领导和有参与者走下功率自行车,回到椅子上。然后小心地取出电极肌电图,并用干净的毛巾蘸有外用酒精或酒精棉签擦拭地区。

7.处理肌电信号

  1. 测试完成后,亲CESS运动试验期间收集的,使得数据可被用来确定肌电疲劳阈值的原始肌电图数据文件。
    1. 无论使用哪种用于收集肌电信号的软件或使用各种平台如MATLAB或LabVIEW的定制编写的软件进行肌电信号处理。
    2. 过滤用的带通滤波器所收集的EMG信号。使用10设置到500赫兹。注意:此改变,使得低频率引起的伪像的肌电图信息(<10赫兹)和高频人为从环境运动(> 500赫兹),将被删除的信号的频率。使用60Hz的陷波滤波器,如果有从计算机或肌电图系统的电源的任何干扰。
    3. 一旦信号已经被过滤,通过计算均方根信号的平方值确定的信号振幅:方形每个数据点,通过数据点的数目求和它们,除,再取所得值的平方根。执行这些计算使用上述软件。

8.确定肌电图疲劳阈值每位参与者

  1. 执行每个参与者以下步骤。
    1. 经过肌电图信号已被处理;使用统计程序( 例如 :的GraphPad棱镜),并与用于试验的功率输出标记的第一列“时间”和随后的列。
    2. 每个电源输出,填充在每个20秒的时间间隔相应的肌电振幅值。
    3. 每个电源输出,分析的时间(x轴)与肌电振幅(y轴)与线性回归关系,以确定是否回归直线的斜率是显著从零(P <0.05)差异。
    4. 后进行线性回归分析所有功率输出,确定最高功率输出与非显著(P> 0.05)斜率。
    5. 然后确定第lowest功率输出与显著(P <0.05)斜率。
    6. 一旦这两个功率输出已经确定,将它们添加和除以2;所得功率输出是估计的肌电图疲劳阈值。

Subscription Required. Please recommend JoVE to your librarian.

Representative Results

如图1,对于单个参与者,即完成了每个功率输出具有代表肌电振幅为股外侧肌的六个数据点。因此,在这个例子中,最高功率输出与非显著(P> 0.05)斜率为200瓦,而动力输出最低有显著(P <0.05)斜率为225 W.因此,对于该与会者的肌电疲劳阈是213 W·一旦肌电疲劳阈值确定每个参与者然后推论统计可以被执行。

图1
图1:一个参与者的代表性结果。下进行的肌电振幅对每个功率输出的时间关系的线性回归的功率输出由红色箭头(200瓦)表示为最高功率输出与非显著(P> 0.05)斜率,而功率输出由绿色箭头(225瓦)表示为功率输出最低有显著(P <0.05)斜率。这两个功率输出平均等于213 W,这是EMG FT。

图1
图2:描写为股电极布置外侧肌此外,我们提供了一个可视的,其中肌电电极放置为股直肌和股内侧肌。 http://www.seniam.org:肌电图电极放在特定的方向可以在以下网站上找到。

Subscription Required. Please recommend JoVE to your librarian.

Discussion

我们在这里提出对确定神经肌肉股四头肌疲劳的方法肌肉股四头肌动态运动。这种方法提供了一个简单的和非侵入性的方式使用表面肌电信号。此外,该方法的通用性,研究人员可以使其适应于行使其他模式,如在跑步机20。

从理论上讲,对于强度等于或低于肌电疲劳阈参与者应能维持锻炼workbout无限期12,13。布里斯科 8证实为周期测力肌电图疲劳阈值。上分开的场合每个参与者行使在70%,100%,以及它们的肌电疲劳阈130%。研究人员发现,70%和肌电图疲劳阈参与者100%没有足够的负荷运动期间8 EMG增加幅度。对于工作量的肌电图疲劳阈值130%,但是,与会者表现出显著增加幅度EMG 8。布里斯科 8总结说,循环测力肌电图疲劳阈值是一个有效的协议连续运动过程中,以确定神经肌肉疲劳。

就在协议和故障诊断关键步骤考虑下。如果执行步骤4.1.2时,有太多的噪音在肌电信号,然后首先检查肌电电极和设备记录的信号之间的连接。通常情况下,肌电图导线可能未正确连接到肌电电极。其次,这里的电极放置需要的领域是无任何的头发和手感光滑的触感,而不是粗糙的( 剃须茬口)。因此,确保所有的头发在位置彻底清除那里的肌电电极的放置位置。另外,一旦研磨完成清理面积是重要的。再次,我们的目标是有一个干净的和光滑的表面。第三,日肌电电极电子商务中心区域不应该是干的,如果是使用导凝胶(如用于超声那些)作为补充。确保使用凝胶谨慎,因为过多的胶可能与肌电电极的粘附性干扰。总之,这些项目是其增加噪声的肌电信号,从而污染数据常见的罪魁祸首。

虽然肌电图FT协议是通用的还有其在临床上的应用程序可能存在的局限性。例如,某些临床人群可能无法容忍的测试协议。也就是说,当增加的工作量可以修改( ,5瓦,而不是25瓦 ​​每级)的患者有严重的呼吸和/或心脏疾病可能过早疲劳在试验的初始阶段。另一个潜在的局限性是,股四头肌肌肉在周期测力都激活;然而,肌电图信号从只有一个记录这些肌肉。迄今为止,还没有研究已经确定了肌电FT横跨三个浅股四头肌肌肉周期测力以确定是否有肌肉之间的差异。

综上所述,从一个单一的增量运动试验估计肌电图疲劳阈值的方法是动态的运动时肌肉评估疲劳的有用工具。此外,该测试提供确定削弱肌肉疲劳各种干预的功效的客观方法。

Subscription Required. Please recommend JoVE to your librarian.

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
839 E Monark cycle ergometer  Monark Exercise AB 839 E
Heart rate monitor Polar Polar H1
Laptop Dell Inspiron varies any laptop computer with USB slots should work.
EMG amplifiers BioPac Systems, Inc. 100B 100C are the latest version
Disposable EMG electrodes BioPac Systems, Inc. EL-500
Sandpaper Home Depot 9 inch x 11 inch 60 Grit course no-slip grip Advanced Sandpaper (3-Pack)

DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

References

  1. Hendrix, C. R., et al. Comparison of critical force to EMG fatigue thresholds during isometric leg extension. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 41, 956-964 (2009).
  2. Herda, T. J., et al. Quantifying the effects of electrode distance from the innervation zone on the electromyographic amplitude versus torque relationships. Physiological measurement. 34, 315-324 (2013).
  3. Ryan, E. D., et al. Inter-individual variability among the mechanomyographic and electromyographic amplitude and mean power frequency responses during isometric ramp muscle actions. Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology. 47, 161-173 (2007).
  4. Beck, T. W., et al. The influence of electrode placement over the innervation zone on electromyographic amplitude and mean power frequency versus isokinetic torque relationships. Journal of neuroscience. 162, 72-83 (2007).
  5. Beck, T. W., Stock, M. S., DeFreitas, J. M. Time-frequency analysis of surface electromyographic signals during fatiguing isokinetic muscle actions. Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength, & Conditioning Association. 26, 1904-1914 (2012).
  6. Evetovich, T. K., et al. Mean power frequency and amplitude of the mechanomyographic signal during maximal eccentric isokinetic muscle actions. Electromyography and clinical neurophysiology. 39, 123-127 (1999).
  7. Blaesser, R. J., Couls, L. M., Lee, C. F., Zuniga, J. M., Malek, M. H. Comparing EMG amplitude patterns of responses during dynamic exercise: polynomial versus log-transformed regression. Scandinavian journal of medicine, & science in sports. In press, (2015).
  8. Briscoe, M. J., Forgach, M. S., Trifan, E., Malek, M. H. Validating the EMGFT from a single incremental cycling testing. International journal of sports medicine. 35, 566-570 (2014).
  9. Zuniga, J. M., et al. Neuromuscular and metabolic comparisons between ramp and step incremental cycle ergometer tests. Muscle. 47, 555-560 (2013).
  10. Mastalerz, A., Gwarek, L., Sadowski, J., Szczepanski, T. The influence of the run intensity on bioelectrical activity of selected human leg muscles. Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics / Wroclaw University of Technology. 14, 101-107 (2012).
  11. Basmajian, J. V., De Luca, C. J. Muscles alive, their functions revealed by electromyography. , 5th edn, Williams, & Wilkins. (1985).
  12. Vries, H. A., Moritani, T., Nagata, A., Magnussen, K. The relation between critical power and neuromuscular fatigue as estimated from electromyographic data. Ergonomics. 25, 783-791 (1982).
  13. Vries, H. A., et al. A method for estimating physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT). Ergonomics. 30, 1195-1204 (1987).
  14. Vries, H. A., et al. Factors affecting the estimation of physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold. Ergonomics. 33, 25-33 (1990).
  15. Astrand, I. The physical work capacity of workers 50-64 years old. Acta physiologica Scandinavica. 42, 73-86 (1958).
  16. Hettinger, T., Birkhead, N. C., Horvath, S. M., Issekutz, B., Rodahl, K. Assessment of physical work capacity. Journal of Applied Physiology. 16, 153-156 (1961).
  17. Smith, J. L. International encyclopedia of ergonomics and human factors. Karwowsk, W. , CRC/Taylor, & Francis. (2006).
  18. Kenny, G. P., Yardley, J. E., Martineau, L., Jay, O. Physical work capacity in older adults: implications for the aging worker. American journal of industrial medicine. 51, 610-625 (2008).
  19. Matsumoto, T., Ito, K., Moritani, T. The relationship between anaerobic threshold and electromyographic fatigue threshold in college women. European journal of applied physiology. 63, 1-5 (1991).
  20. Guffey, D. R., Gervasi, B. J., Maes, A. A., Malek, M. H. Estimating electromygraphic and heart rate fatigue threshold from a single treadmill test. Muscle. 46, 577-581 (2012).
  21. Camic, C. L., et al. The influence of the muscle fiber pennation angle and innervation zone on the identification of neuromuscular fatigue during cycle ergometry. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 21, 33-40 (2011).

Tags

医药,第101,电极,运动生理学,运动控制,神经肌肉疲劳,无创,和股四头肌
确定肌电疲劳阈值以下单次访问运动试验
Play Video
PDF DOI DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

Cite this Article

Galen, S. S., Guffey, D. R., Coburn, More

Galen, S. S., Guffey, D. R., Coburn, J. W., Malek, M. H. Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test. J. Vis. Exp. (101), e52729, doi:10.3791/52729 (2015).

Less
Copy Citation Download Citation Reprints and Permissions
View Video

PLAYLIST

  • Research • Medicine
    Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Fetal Blood Flow Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Motion Compensation
  • Research • Medicine
    Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
  • Research • Medicine
    Segmentation and Linear Measurement for Body Composition Analysis using Slice-O-Matic and Horos
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
  • Research • Medicine
    Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound for Painful Bone Metastases
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Viable Adipocytes and Stromal Vascular Fraction from Human Visceral Adipose Tissue Suitable for RNA Analysis and Macrophage Phenotyping
  • Research • Medicine
    Obtaining Quality Extended Field-of-View Ultrasound Images of Skeletal Muscle to Measure Muscle Fascicle Length
  • Research • Medicine
    Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
  • Research • Medicine
    Electroretinogram Recording for Infants and Children under Anesthesia to Achieve Optimal Dark Adaptation and International Standards
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor
  • Research • Medicine
    Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
  • Research • Medicine
    Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Dependence in Activities of Daily Living Among Older Patients in an Acute Care Unit
  • Research • Medicine
    Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
  • Research • Biology
    A Finite Element Approach for Locating the Center of Resistance of Maxillary Teeth
  • Research • Medicine
    Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining and Controlling External Power Output During Regular Handrim Wheelchair Propulsion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Whole Body Dosimetry Protocol for Peptide-Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT): 2D Planar Image and Hybrid 2D+3D SPECT/CT Image Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm
  • Research • Medicine
    Learning Modern Laryngeal Surgery in a Dissection Laboratory
  • Research • Medicine
    DIPLOMA Approach for Standardized Pathology Assessment of Distal Pancreatectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    A Computerized Functional Skills Assessment and Training Program Targeting Technology Based Everyday Functional Skills
  • Research • Medicine
    Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrating Augmented Reality Tools in Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Prognostication and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasonographic Assessment During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Data to Guide Sampling Procedures for Prostate Cancer Biobanking
  • Research • Medicine
    A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Non-invasive Method for the Detection of Elevated Intra-compartmental Pressures of the Leg
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of MRI-ultrasound Fusion to Achieve Targeted Prostate Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems
  • Research • Medicine
    Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
  • Research • Medicine
    Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
  • Research • Medicine
    Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
  • Research • Medicine
    Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation, Procedures and Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
  • Research • Medicine
    Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
  • Research • Medicine
    Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
  • Research • Medicine
    Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
  • Research • Medicine
    'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
  • Research • Medicine
    Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
  • Research • Medicine
    Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae
  • Research • Medicine
    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
  • Get cutting-edge science videos from JoVE sent straight to your inbox every month.

    Waiting X
    Simple Hit Counter