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Medicine

早産新生児における経皮微小循環イメージング

Published: December 31, 2015 doi: 10.3791/53562

Protocol

このプロトコルは、ローカルの人間研究倫理委員会のガイドラインに従っています。

1.準備

  1. それは、血液採取のような、他の処理と一致しないように、微小循環測定をスケジュールします。用語の新生児ではそれが最高の給餌後に行われます。これは、攪拌を防止し、測定を容易にします。
  2. 看護師や親がサポートしており、新生児個別発達ケアと評価プログラム12の原理を用いて、検査中に新生児を慰めるために出席することを確認してください。
    注:測定は一人で行うことができますが、それは非常に二人目は、支援することを推奨します。一つは、カメラを保持し、他のコンピュータとソフトウェアを操作しながら、新生児に焦点を当てています。我々の経験では、これは、より高品質の画像と処置のより短い持続時間をもたらします。
  3. 新生児の許可の臨床症状は、配置した場合仰臥位での新生児。微小循環イメージングは​​腹臥位で実施することができるが、これはより多くのスキルと忍耐を必要とします。
  4. ( - 37.5摂氏36.5)早産児の体温が適切な範囲内にあることを確認します。

2.手順

  1. インキュベーターに沿ってデバイスをインストールしてください。インキュベーターは、右の高さであることを確認します。
  2. カメラの使い捨てキャップを入れてください。
  3. ゲル、油または生理食塩水は、プローブの先端に適用します。これは、プローブと皮膚との接触を滑らかにするのに役立ちます。
  4. 幼児上腕の腹内側側にカメラを置きます。フォーカス・アーティファクトを防止するために、プローブを皮膚に垂直であることを確認してください。これは、幼児の腕の再配置が必要な場合があります。
    注意:上腕の腹内側側は皮膚の微小循環を測定するための主要な場所です。この場所は少し産毛の髪をしているため、アーティファクトが少ない傾向です。これは、最も簡単に到達します患者が仰臥位に位置する場合。
  5. 手順の長さの合計を最小にするために、最小限のアーティファクトで場所を検索しながら、焦点の最適な深さ( 図3)を見つけることによって、時間を稼ぎます。
    注意:焦点深度は、出生後の年齢ではなく、在胎週数に主に依存します。 80ミクロン - 人生の最初の週の焦点の平均深さは0です。 1〜200ミクロン- -生後4週齢( 図2)以下では、皮膚の成熟のために、焦点深度が急速に80の平均値で増加します。出生時の160ミクロン - 用語生まれの新生児では、焦点の平均深さは80です。
  6. 運動アーチファクトを回避するために、プローブを安定させます。これを行うには、インキュベーターウィンドウと新生児の横に手首に肘を休ま。また、枕の新生児と一緒にプローブを配置します。
  7. カメラをさせることにより、圧力アーティファクトを避ける唯一の皮膚にわずかな接触を持っています。圧力アーティファクトは、rすることができます血管中または小血管内の良好な流れがある一方で大型船が非灌流している場合がある場合は、前後の流れを撮影中ecognized。また、流れのパターンが画面全体を通して同じである場合、圧力の遺物には注意してください。
  8. 5秒の最小持続時間を録音する動画。
  9. 成功キャプチャした後、上腕上の別の場所にカメラを移動。
    注:これは、合計5にキャプチャすることをお勧めします - いくつかのアーティファクトが唯一の問題で映像が分析のため使用できないことを意味し、オフライン解析、で認識されるように、5つの異なる場所 - 3で10ビデオ。
  10. そっと小さなガーゼで皮膚からゲル、油または生理食塩水を除去します。

3.オフライン分析

  1. 分析を妨げる重大な動きがある場合は、ビデオをトリミング。 「ツール」セクションに移動し、ボタン「エディタ」を使用しています。分析の対象フレーム間隔を選択し、「クロップビデオ「B]をクリックしますutton。注意:動きは、フィールドビュー13の1/2以内であればビデオが許容されています。
  2. トリミングされたビデオを選択し、それを安定化させます。 「ツール」セクションに移動し、ボタン「分析」を使用しています。 「安定化」ボタンをクリックします。
    注意:自動解析を実行する前に、すべての映画は安定化されなければなりません。
  3. 安定化されたビデオを選択します。セクション「分析」に移動し、「検出」ボタンをクリックします。オプション「毛細血管」と「船」が強調されていることを確認してください。
  4. 検出( 図4)した後、完全な微小循環のレポートの「CNA」や「デ・バッカー」ボタンをクリックします。このレポートでは、最も使用される結果の総血管密度(TVD)のようなパラメータ、灌流血管密度(PVD)と灌流船舶(PPV)の割合が含まれています。
    注意:別の方法として、ビデオを手動で分析するオフラインでエクスポートすることができます。このオプションは、セクション「ツール」に記載されています。セオプション 'エクスポート」をLECTと「AVAのエクスポート」ボタンをクリックします。

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Representative Results

まだ図1および図2の代表的な高品質MIビデオの画像。これらの例は、生後1日齢(図1)および 28日目(図2)との間の同じ乳児の皮膚の厚さの差を示します。 1日目に、明るい照明、マイクロ血管や人工物の最小限の存在に十分な焦点があります。 28日目​​にそれが原因で、より厚い皮膚に微細血管や工芸品を中心との間の適切なバランスを見つけることはより困難です。安定性、持続時間と圧力の工芸品は、これらの静止画像で判断できないことに注意してください。これは、画像の取得中またはオフラインで分析する前に注意すべきです。

図1
図1。 早産児のMI 24週妊娠期間、1日目。経皮M24週の妊娠期間で生まれた乳児の私。乳児の出生後の年齢は1日です。焦点の使用深さは40μmである。 この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。

図2
図2。 早産児24週妊娠期間のMI、24週の妊娠期間で生まれた乳児の28日目経皮MI。乳児の出生後の年齢は28日間です。焦点の使用深さは160μmである。 この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。

図3
図3.違いがフォーカスDですepth。まったく同じ面積のこれらの2つの画像は、十分な焦点深度の重要性を強調しています。不適切なフォーカス(左)は、適切なフォーカス(右)と比較して、血管の可視性の損失をもたらす。 この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。

図4
自動オフライン分析の図4.結果。この図は、自動オフライン解析の結果を示す。 この図の拡大版をご覧になるにはこちらをクリックしてください。

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Discussion

本稿では、我々は説明し、早産新生児における経皮微小循環イメージングのためのアプローチを示しています。再現性と新しい技術を学習時間と労働集約的性質:このメソッドの可視化の研究者が研究の最大の課題のうちの2つを克服するのに役立ちます。この技術は、非侵襲的に早産児における末梢微小循環の有益な情報を提供することができます。シリアル測定は、臨床医が治療的介入の効果を評価することができます。微小循環は、酸素輸送チェーンの最後のステップが発生する領域です。観察研究は、微小循環の経時劣化や細菌感染14の存在との関係を実証しました。周辺の微小循環の悪化は、早産児における敗血症の最初の兆候の1つであるので、それは一般的に、末梢の微小循環が開発を予測できると仮定されています敗血症。

画像の品質は、主にオペレータのスキルに依存します。最新のカメラ装置は、より良い技術仕様およびハードウェアを提供していますが、これは二次的な重要性はまだです。オペレータは適切に微小循環イメージングの訓練を受けなければなりません。彼らは、2006年15で、アムステルダムで開催された円卓会議の勧告にマッシー 13によって開発された品質基準を理解する必要があります。これらの6つの基準(照明、継続時間、フォーカス、コンテンツ、安定性、圧力)は、高品質で信頼できるデータの基礎となっています。経験の浅いオペレータは頻繁に圧力アーティファクト16を発生する認識に失敗する可能性があります。これらの品質基準および勧告は、成人の舌下MI測定のために起草されており、直接早産児における皮膚MI測定に推定することはできないことに注意してください。持続時間とコンテンツの品質基準達成することが困難です。

また、それは非常に2つの演算子で測定を行い、出席するために看護師や親を尋ねることをお勧めします。カメラは、ソフトウェアを操作する必要があり、乳児の幸福を考慮しなければならない、圧力アーティファクトを回避する必要があり、着実に保持されなければなりません。幼児が多くを動かす場合は特に、これは、1つの演算子のためのあまりです。それは、一人がカメラを処理し、測定の面積と他の人に焦点を当ててソフトウェアを操作し、乳児のバイタルサインをチェック有することが良いです。当然のことながら、MIの技術的な側面に加えて、(危篤)早産新生児を扱うの経験は、オペレータのために不可欠です。

その非侵襲的なキャラクターにもかかわらず、MIはまだ潜在的な負担やリスクを運びます。インキュベーター、これにより体温があまり低下していることを防止するために、最小限に測定時間を制限します。常にカメラに使い捨て保護キャップを適用測定の前に。このキャップの機能は2つあります。それは、プローブ先端の潜在的な温暖化から皮膚を保護し、それが細菌の送信を防止するための人工バリアとして機能します。また、MI機器は定期的に消毒する必要があります。

また、皮膚にゲルまたはオイルのほんの少しの量を適用して、静かに測定した後、それを削除します。悪用した場合、油および治療光線療法の組み合わせは、皮膚に壊滅的な影響を持つことができます。ほとんどの乳児はほとんどの測定値に反応しなかったが、心肺不安定性は排除できません。これは私たちが親や看護師がサポートしている幼児を持つことをお勧めする理由です。

データ収集の後、ビデオのオフライン解析は、標準化された方法で実行されるべきです。市販のソフトウェアは自動的にガイドライン15に従って、MIのビデオを分析することが可能です。手分析は、3つのステップを含みます。まず、コントラスト強調は、pすることができます最適なコントラストを得るためにプライ。第二に、ビデオを安定化する必要があります。このステップでは、測定時の安定性の重要性をもたらすでしょう。わずかなドリフトのための分析のためのビデオを使用できなくすることができます。第三に、船が描かれなければならないと流れが分類されなければなりません。この最後のステップは貧しいインターオブザーバ17の変動性の高いリスクを伴うことに注意してください。手動オフライン分析では、そのため、訓練を受けた研究者が行ってください。アウトカム指標を報告するための2つの方法があります。毛細血管網分析(CNA)の従来の方法は、測定された表面積(mm / mm 2)とで割った血管の全長を反映します。あるいは、デバッカースコア(DBS)を消費するより少ない時間を使用することができます。このスコアでは、3等距離水平および3等間隔の縦線が画面に描画されます。血管密度は、行(N / mm)との合計の長さで割っラインを横切る血管の数として計算することができます。

_contentは ">微小循環の研究分野には欠点がある。微小循環の不均一性が行う基準値を確立するために複雑である。そのため、研究のほとんどは、グループ間の観察研究や比較されている。微小循環動画のかなり複雑な評価と主観的な人間の干渉再現性が悪い(ヴァンデンバーグ、2015年17)の可能性が増加します。これは、ビデオを得る方法が標準化されていることが重要です。

近い将来のために、技術的な進歩は、皮膚MIの研究を改善します。例では、微小血管の比較的主観的な人間の評価を交換し、それによってインターオブザーバーの変動を除外します映像、のコンピュータ解析を自動化されています。研究のこの分野を標準化するための良い例では、直列に正確に同じ場所で微小循環を測定する無線撮像センサの使用です。これは、皮膚のMIを行います少ないオペレータに依存します。

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Disclosures

著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
Cytocam Braedius http://www.braedius.com/magnoliaPublic/braedius/products.html Other well known handheld microscopes to visualize the microcirculation are MicroScan (Microvision Medical) using SDF technique or the CytoScan (CytoMetrics) using OPS technique
Disposable Lens Cover Glycocheck http://www.glycocheck.com/lenscovers.php
CCTools Braedius http://www.braedius.com/magnoliaPublic/braedius/products.html Another well known offline analysis programme is AVA (Microvision medical). 

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References

  1. Groner, W., et al. Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging: a new method for study of the microcirculation. Nat Med. 5 (10), 1209-1212 (1999).
  2. Goedhart, P. T., Khalilzada, M., Bezemer, R., Merza, J., Ince, C. Sidestream Dark Field (SDF) imaging: a novel stroboscopic LED ring-based imaging modality for clinical assessment of the microcirculation. Opt Express. 15 (23), 15101-15114 (2007).
  3. Sherman, H., Klausner, S., Cook, W. A. Incident dark-field illumination: a new method for microcirculatory study. Angiology. 22 (5), 295-303 (1971).
  4. Trzeciak, S., et al. Early microcirculatory perfusion derangements in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: relationship to hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and survival. Ann Emerg Med. 49 (1), 88-98 (2007).
  5. Sakr, Y., Dubois, M. J., De Backer, D., Creteur, J., Vincent, J. L. Persistent microcirculatory alterations are associated with organ failure and death in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med. 32 (9), 1825-1831 (2004).
  6. De Backer, D., et al. Microcirculatory alterations in patients with severe sepsis: impact of time of assessment and relationship with outcome. Crit Care Med. 41 (3), 791-799 (2013).
  7. Buijs, E. A., et al. Early microcirculatory impairment during therapeutic hypothermia is associated with poor outcome in post-cardiac arrest children: A prospective observational cohort study. Resuscitation. , (2013).
  8. Genzel-Boroviczeny, O., Christ, F., Glas, V. Blood transfusion increases functional capillary density in the skin of anemic preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 56 (5), 751-755 (2004).
  9. Ergenekon, E., et al. Peripheral microcirculation is affected during therapeutic hypothermia in newborns. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 98 (2), F155-F157 (2013).
  10. Schwepcke, A., Weber, F. D., Mormanova, Z., Cepissak, B., Genzel-Boroviczeny, O. Microcirculatory mechanisms in postnatal hypotension affecting premature infants. Pediatr Res. , (2013).
  11. van Elteren, H. A., Ince, C., Tibboel, D., Reiss, I. K., de Jonge, R. C. Cutaneous microcirculation in preterm neonates: comparison between sidestream dark field (SDF) and incident dark field (IDF) imaging. J Clin Monit Comput. , (2015).
  12. Als, H., et al. Individualized Behavioral and Environmental Care for the Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infant at High-Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit and Developmental Outcome. Pediatrics. 78 (6), 1123-1132 (1986).
  13. Massey, M. J., et al. The microcirculation image quality score: development and preliminary evaluation of a proposed approach to grading quality of image acquisition for bedside videomicroscopy. J Crit Care. 28 (6), 913-917 (2013).
  14. Weidlich, K., et al. Changes in microcirculation as early markers for infection in preterm infants--an observational prospective study. Pediatr Res. 66 (4), 461-465 (2009).
  15. De Backer, D., et al. How to evaluate the microcirculation: report of a round table conference. Crit Care. 11 (5), R101 (2007).
  16. Sallisalmi, M., Oksala, N., Pettila, V., Tenhunen, J. Evaluation of sublingual microcirculatory blood flow in the critically ill. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 56 (3), 298-306 (2012).
  17. van den Berg, V. J., et al. Reproducibility of microvascular vessel density analysis in Sidestream dark-field-derived images of healthy term newborns. Microcirculation. 22 (1), 37-43 (2015).

Tags

医学、問題106、医学、微小循環、早産、新生児、イメージング、インシデントダークフィールド
早産新生児における経皮微小循環イメージング
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Cite this Article

van Elteren, H., Reiss, I. K. M., de More

van Elteren, H., Reiss, I. K. M., de Jonge, R. C. J. Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates. J. Vis. Exp. (106), e53562, doi:10.3791/53562 (2015).

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    Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of MRI-ultrasound Fusion to Achieve Targeted Prostate Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems
  • Research • Medicine
    Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
  • Research • Medicine
    Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
  • Research • Medicine
    Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
  • Research • Medicine
    Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation, Procedures and Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
  • Research • Medicine
    Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
  • Research • Medicine
    Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
  • Research • Medicine
    Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
  • Research • Medicine
    'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
  • Research • Medicine
    Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
  • Research • Medicine
    Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae
  • Research • Medicine
    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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