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Medicine

经皮微循环成像在早产儿

Published: December 31, 2015 doi: 10.3791/53562

Protocol

该协议遵循当地人类研究伦理委员会的指导方针。

1.准备

  1. 安排微循环的测量,使得它不与其它方法如血液采样重合。在足月新生儿最好是喂后进行。这可以防止激动,并缓解测量。
  2. 确保护士或家长出席支持,并在考试期间安慰新生儿,新生儿使用的个性化发展护理和评估方案12的原则。
    注:虽然测量可以由一个人来完成,这是强烈建议有第二个人协助。之一成立相机和聚焦在新生儿,而另一个工作的计算机和软件。根据我们的经验,这将导致更高质量的图像和过程的持续时间较短。
  3. 如果满足新生儿允许临床情况中,放置新生儿取仰卧位。微循环成像可以在俯卧位进行,但这需要更多的技巧和耐心。
  4. 确保早产儿的身体温度在适当的范围内(36.5 - 37.5摄氏度)。

2.程序

  1. 安装沿培养箱的装置。确保孵化器是在合适的高度。
  2. 把相机放在一次性帽子。
  3. 适用的凝胶,油或盐水在探头的尖端;这将有助于平滑探头和皮肤之间的接触。
  4. 将相机放在婴儿上臂的腹侧面。为防止焦点文物,确保探头垂直于皮肤。这可能需要婴儿臂的重新定位。
    注意:上臂的腹内侧边是测量皮肤微循环的主要位置。此位置有一点胎毛,因此不容易出现假象。这是最容易达到如果患者被定位在仰卧姿势。
  5. 为了最大限度地减少程序的总长度,通过寻找焦点的最佳深度图3),同时搜索具有最少伪影位置的赢得时间。
    注:聚焦深度主要取决于后天的年龄,而不是胎龄。聚焦在生命的第一个星期的平均深度是0 - 80微米。 200微米1之间- - 4个星期产后年龄的图2)以后,由于成熟的皮肤,焦点深度迅速用80平均值增加。在长期新生儿出生重点的平均深度为80 ​​- 160微米的诞生。
  6. 稳定的探头,以避免移动文物。要做到这一点,休息培养箱窗口上的弯头和新生儿旁边的手腕。另外,定位探头一起在枕头新生儿。
  7. 通过让相机避免压力的文物只有与皮肤轻微的接触。压力文物可以是R在图像捕获期间ecognized如果在船后面的往复流动,或者如果大血管是非灌注而有小血管良好的流动。此外,如果流型是在整个屏幕相同,谨防压力假象。
  8. 录制视频为5秒的最短时间。
  9. 成功捕获后,将摄像机移动到上臂另一个地方。
    注:建议捕捉,共有5 - 3 10视频 - 5个不同的地点,因为有些文物的确认在离线分析,这意味着有问题的视频不进行分析使用。
  10. 轻轻地用小纱布去除皮肤凝胶,油或盐。

3.离线分析

  1. 作物的视频如果存在阻碍分析一个显著运动。进入“工具”部分,使用按钮“编辑”。选择帧间隔资格进行分析,然后点击“剪裁视频”Button。注:视频是可以接受的,如果运动是在半实地查看13。
  2. 选择裁剪视频和稳定的。转至“工具”部分,使用按钮“分析”。点击“稳定”按钮。
    注意:前自动分析可以进行所有的电影必须稳定。
  3. 选择稳定的视频。转至节“分析”,然后单击“检测”按钮。确保选项“毛细血管”和“船”突出显示。
  4. 检测( 图4)后,点击“中央社”或“德靠山”按钮,一个完整的微循环的报告。该报告包括最常用的结果参数,如总血管密度(TVD),灌注血管密度(PVD)和血管灌注(PPV)的比例。
    注意:作为替代方案,视频可以导出脱机进行手动分析。此选项可以在一节“工具”中找到。硒择的选择“导出”,然后单击“AVA导出”按钮。

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Representative Results

图1和图2显示代表性的仍然是高品质的MI的视频图像。这些实施例说明在第1天(图1)和28天之间的相同婴儿皮肤厚度差产后年龄的(图2)。第1天,有一个明亮的照明,充足的专注于微血管和文物的最小的存在。在第28天是比较难以找到焦点上微容器和假象之间取得适当的平衡,由于较厚的皮肤。需要注意的是稳定,持续时间和压力假象不能对这些静止图像判断。这应在图像的取得或离线分析之前被注意到。

图1
早产儿图1。MI 24周的胎龄,每日1次经皮中号我出生在24周胎龄的婴儿。婴儿出生后的年龄为1天。焦点的使用深度为40微米。 请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。

图2
早产儿的MI 如图2。24 周的胎龄,出生在24周胎龄的婴儿28天经皮心肌梗死。婴儿出生后的年龄为28天。焦点的使用深度为160微米。 请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。

图3
图3.差异是焦点ðEPTH,完全相同的区域这两个图像突出了足够的聚焦深度的重要性。焦点不足(左)造成损失容器的知名度相比,充足的焦点(右图)。 请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。

图4
图自动离线分析的4结果。此图显示的自动离线分析的结果。 请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。

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Discussion

在这个手稿中,我们描述和展示早产新生儿经皮微循环成像的方法。这种可视化方法将有助于研究人员克服两个在研究中的最大的挑战:可重复性和时间学习新的技术劳动密集性质。这种技术可以在一种非侵入性的方式提供早产儿外围微循环的有用信息。连续测量可以帮助医生评估治疗干预的影响。微循环是其中氧运输链的最后步骤发生的区域。观察性研究已经表明微循环恶化随着时间的推移和细菌感染14的存在之间的关系。作为外围微循环恶化是败血症早产儿的第一标志之一,一般假设,外围微循环障碍可以帮助预测的发展败血症。

的图像的质量主要取决于操作者的技能。虽然最新的相机设备提供更好的技术规格和硬件,这是次要的仍。操作人员应进行适当的培训微循环成像。他们应熟悉在阿姆斯特丹在2006年15并与梅西等人 13制定的质量标准举行的圆桌会议的建议。这六个标准(照明,持续时间,重点,内容,稳定性,压力)是高品质和可靠的数据基础。没有经验的运营商很可能在认识到频繁出现的压力文物16失败。但是请注意,这些质量标准和建议已经起草了舌下MI测量在成人和不能被直接外推到在早产儿皮肤的MI的测量。持续时间和内容的质量标准因此很难完成的任务。

另外,强烈建议进行测量,两家运营商,并要求护士或家长参加。相机必须保持稳定,压力文物必须避免,软件必须运行和婴儿的福祉必须加以考虑。特别是,如果婴儿移动了很多,这是太多了一名操作员。因此,最好是有一个人处理相机,专注于测量的区域,另一个人操作软件,并检查婴儿的生命体征。当然,除了心肌梗死的技术方面,在处理(危重)早产儿的经验对运营商至关重要。

尽管它的非侵入性的性格,MI仍然带有潜在的负担和风险。限制的测量的持续时间为最小,以防止该培养箱并由此体温下降太多。始终使用一次性保护盖相机前测量。这个盖的作用是双重的:它可以保护皮肤免受探针尖端的电位变暖和它作为一种人为的障碍,以防止细菌的传播。此外,MI设备应定期消毒。

此外,应用凝胶或油的只是少量在皮肤上,测定后轻轻将其删除。如果使用不当,油和治疗光疗的组合可以具有在皮肤上的破坏性影响。虽然大多婴儿几乎不发生反应的测量,心肺呼吸不稳定性,不能排除。这就是为什么我们建议有家长或保姆支撑婴儿的原因。

数据采集​​完毕后,应以标准化的方式进行的视频离线分析。商业软件是可用于根据指引15自动分析MI视频。手动分析包括三个步骤。首先,对比度增强可AP合股为了达到最佳的对比度。第二,视频应该被稳定。这个步骤将在测量过程中带出稳定的重要性。对于轻微的漂移可以进行视频​​无法用于分析。第三,容器必须制定和流量必须进行分类。请注意,这最后一步进行观察者间差的高风险变异性17。人工离线分析,因此应由只有经过培训的研究人员进行。有两种方法用于报告结果的措施。的毛细管网络分析的传统方法(CNA)反映血管通过将测量表面积(毫米/毫米2)划分的总长度。可替代地,可以使用的耗时更少德贝克得分(DBS)。在这个分数,三等距离横三等距离的垂直线绘制在屏幕上。血管密度可以被计算为血管横过由线(正/毫米)的总长度除以行数。

_content“>有缺点的微循环,异质性的微循环研究领域使得复杂建立参考值。因此,大部分研究都是群体之间的观察性研究和比较。微循环录像和主观的人为干扰的相当复杂的评价提高重现性差(范登伯格,2015年17)的可能性。因此,重要的是对获取的视频的方法是标准化的。

在不久的将来,技术进步将提高研究皮肤MI。一个例子是自动化的视频图像,这将取代微血管相对主观的人评估,从而排除了跨观察员变异的计算机分析。一个很好的例子来规范这个领域的研究是利用无线影像传感器,连续测量微循环在同一个位置。这将使皮肤MI减少操作者的依赖。

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Disclosures

作者什么都没有透露。

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
Cytocam Braedius http://www.braedius.com/magnoliaPublic/braedius/products.html Other well known handheld microscopes to visualize the microcirculation are MicroScan (Microvision Medical) using SDF technique or the CytoScan (CytoMetrics) using OPS technique
Disposable Lens Cover Glycocheck http://www.glycocheck.com/lenscovers.php
CCTools Braedius http://www.braedius.com/magnoliaPublic/braedius/products.html Another well known offline analysis programme is AVA (Microvision medical). 

DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

References

  1. Groner, W., et al. Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging: a new method for study of the microcirculation. Nat Med. 5 (10), 1209-1212 (1999).
  2. Goedhart, P. T., Khalilzada, M., Bezemer, R., Merza, J., Ince, C. Sidestream Dark Field (SDF) imaging: a novel stroboscopic LED ring-based imaging modality for clinical assessment of the microcirculation. Opt Express. 15 (23), 15101-15114 (2007).
  3. Sherman, H., Klausner, S., Cook, W. A. Incident dark-field illumination: a new method for microcirculatory study. Angiology. 22 (5), 295-303 (1971).
  4. Trzeciak, S., et al. Early microcirculatory perfusion derangements in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: relationship to hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and survival. Ann Emerg Med. 49 (1), 88-98 (2007).
  5. Sakr, Y., Dubois, M. J., De Backer, D., Creteur, J., Vincent, J. L. Persistent microcirculatory alterations are associated with organ failure and death in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med. 32 (9), 1825-1831 (2004).
  6. De Backer, D., et al. Microcirculatory alterations in patients with severe sepsis: impact of time of assessment and relationship with outcome. Crit Care Med. 41 (3), 791-799 (2013).
  7. Buijs, E. A., et al. Early microcirculatory impairment during therapeutic hypothermia is associated with poor outcome in post-cardiac arrest children: A prospective observational cohort study. Resuscitation. , (2013).
  8. Genzel-Boroviczeny, O., Christ, F., Glas, V. Blood transfusion increases functional capillary density in the skin of anemic preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 56 (5), 751-755 (2004).
  9. Ergenekon, E., et al. Peripheral microcirculation is affected during therapeutic hypothermia in newborns. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 98 (2), F155-F157 (2013).
  10. Schwepcke, A., Weber, F. D., Mormanova, Z., Cepissak, B., Genzel-Boroviczeny, O. Microcirculatory mechanisms in postnatal hypotension affecting premature infants. Pediatr Res. , (2013).
  11. van Elteren, H. A., Ince, C., Tibboel, D., Reiss, I. K., de Jonge, R. C. Cutaneous microcirculation in preterm neonates: comparison between sidestream dark field (SDF) and incident dark field (IDF) imaging. J Clin Monit Comput. , (2015).
  12. Als, H., et al. Individualized Behavioral and Environmental Care for the Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infant at High-Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit and Developmental Outcome. Pediatrics. 78 (6), 1123-1132 (1986).
  13. Massey, M. J., et al. The microcirculation image quality score: development and preliminary evaluation of a proposed approach to grading quality of image acquisition for bedside videomicroscopy. J Crit Care. 28 (6), 913-917 (2013).
  14. Weidlich, K., et al. Changes in microcirculation as early markers for infection in preterm infants--an observational prospective study. Pediatr Res. 66 (4), 461-465 (2009).
  15. De Backer, D., et al. How to evaluate the microcirculation: report of a round table conference. Crit Care. 11 (5), R101 (2007).
  16. Sallisalmi, M., Oksala, N., Pettila, V., Tenhunen, J. Evaluation of sublingual microcirculatory blood flow in the critically ill. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 56 (3), 298-306 (2012).
  17. van den Berg, V. J., et al. Reproducibility of microvascular vessel density analysis in Sidestream dark-field-derived images of healthy term newborns. Microcirculation. 22 (1), 37-43 (2015).

Tags

医药,第106,医学,微循环,早产,新生儿,影像,事件暗场
经皮微循环成像在早产儿
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Cite this Article

van Elteren, H., Reiss, I. K. M., de More

van Elteren, H., Reiss, I. K. M., de Jonge, R. C. J. Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates. J. Vis. Exp. (106), e53562, doi:10.3791/53562 (2015).

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    Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae
  • Research • Medicine
    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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