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Medicine

脚のコンパートメント内圧の上昇を検出するための新しい非侵襲的方法

Published: May 31, 2019 doi: 10.3791/59887

Summary

圧力センサーとつながれる超音波の調査はコンパートメント筋膜の平らになる圧力 (CFFP) を直接測定することによって足のコンパートメント圧力を査定するのに使用されている。この非侵襲的なプロトコルは、下肢の前筋区画内の圧力の信頼できる評価を提供する。

Abstract

急性コンパートメント症候群は、筋骨格系外傷の破壊的な結果です。現在、診断は臨床徴候と症状に基づいており、侵襲的コンパートメント圧力測定のような補助は、身体検査所見を裏付けするためにしばしば使用されるが、それを支援する信頼できる客観テストが残っていない頭蓋骨 fasciotomy を行うことを決定する。コンパートメント症候群の死体モデルでは、超音波 (米国) ベースの方法は、増加したコンパートメント圧力の信頼できる測定であることが示されている。> 100 mbar または脚部間の CFFP での 50 mbar の差の絶対的な圧力は、病理学と見なすことができます。超音波トランスデューサを用いて、圧力センサと相まって、下肢の前区画の表面的な筋膜を平らにするのに必要な圧力 (コンパートメント筋膜平坦化圧力 [CFFP]) を測定することができる。負傷した脚の CFFP は、無傷脚の CFFP と比較されます。この米国の測定インデックスは、負傷した下肢を評価し、頭蓋骨 fasciotomy の必要性を評価する物理試験の補助として機能します。このプロトコルの利点は次のとおりです。非侵襲的な方法であり、容易に再現性のある技術であること。

Introduction

この新規プロトコルの目的は、圧力センサと結合した超音波トランスデューサを使用することにより、非侵襲的方法で足のコンパートメント圧力を評価することである。コンパートメント症候群は、筋骨格系外傷においてよく知られている合併症であり、介入しなければ不可逆的な虚血性傷害をもたらす組織の灌流を危険にコンパートメントの結果である。その診断は、主に臨床試験に基づいています。残念なことに、臨床試験だけでは、コンパートメント症候群1の診断において、感度と特異性が低いことが示されている。針マノメトリーによって測定される侵襲的内コンパートメント圧は、コンパートメント症候群234の評価において一般的に用いられる。針マノメトリーの欠点は、侵襲的な手順であり、患者にとって非常に不快であり、連続測定に適していないことである。さらに、侵襲的コンパートメント圧測定測定は、ACS の診断のための適切な閾値圧力に対するかなりの不一致のために一部の外科医によって日常的に行われず、高い (35%)偽陽性率および単一の侵襲的測定の変動性5,6,7.

それは、以前は、コンパートメントの圧力の上昇が結果の間の相関を示唆する前方コンパートメントを覆っている筋膜の弾力性を低下させる人工、動物、および人間の死体モデルで実証されています。超音波8910によって測定されるようにコンパートメントの圧力および顔コンパートメントの承諾。さらなる作業は、超音波によって測定される前方コンパートメントの筋膜を平らにするのに必要な圧力 (コンパートメント筋膜平坦化圧力 [CFFP]) を、コンパートメント内圧力11の代用尺度として使用して説明した。前部コンパートメント鼻隠しは標準的な超音波検査と容易に視覚化することができ、調査に圧力センサーの付加によって、CFFPs は容易にそして確実に測定することができる。この議定書はコンパートメント圧力を評価するための非侵襲的な診断代わりを提供し、患者の不快にほとんどに少しと速くそして連続的に行うことができる。

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Protocol

この実験的プロトコルは、当院の機関検査委員会 (IRB) によって見直され、承認を受け、当機関の人間研究倫理委員会が定めるすべてのガイドラインに従っています。

1. 脚の前コンパートメントの鼻隠しを特定する

  1. 超音波プローブの開始部位を特定します。プローブを前面コンパートメントの上に直接置き、脛骨クレストと 1 handbreadth 遠位の脛骨結核にちょうど横に配置します。
  2. 鼻隠しを、超音波上の皮下組織のすぐ下にある明るい白色のストリップとして識別します。鼻隠しが脛骨クレストにアタッチされた位置に見えるまで、プローブを移動します。
  3. 鼻隠しのジオメトリに注意してください。最小限の圧力を適用した場合は、凸状にする必要があります。

2. InjuredLeg のコンパートメント筋膜の平坦化圧力を測定する

  1. 前面コンパートメントのファスキアが特定されたら、鼻隠しが凸型から完全に平らになるまで、ゆっくりと安定した圧力を超音波プローブに適用します。正確な CFFP をなだらかに磨くために、凹状を生成するために平坦化点を渡すなど、いくつかの試みを行います。
  2. 前部コンパートメント筋膜が完全に平らであるとき、圧力センサーの測定を記録しなさい。
  3. CFFP 測定を2回繰り返します。最終 CFFP を定義するために3つの圧力をすべて記録して平均します。

3. 無傷 (対) 脚と比較してデルタ CFFP を計算する

  1. 上記と同様にして対脚の CFFP を測定して記録する。
  2. 負傷した脚の CFFP の間の差を取ることによって、デルタ CFFP を計算します。

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Representative Results

この技術は、コンパートメント症候群の証拠なしに負傷した脚を持つ10の連続した患者を測定するために使用されており、コンパートメント症候群の臨床診断を受けた3人の患者は頭蓋骨 fasciotomies を必要としている。コンパートメントシンドロームのない患者のための平均デルタ CFFP は 10.7 10.6 ± 51.7 mbar 157 に比べてコンパートメント症候群および片側 t 検定では、グループ間の圧力差を統計的に特定した。有意 (P < 0.02) である。

Figure 1
図 1: 前コンパートメントの超音波画像。前方コンパートメントを覆っている明るい白い筋膜が白い矢で示されています。鼻隠し (A) の凸状の外観は、超音波プローブと鼻隠し (B) の平らな外観との間に圧力が増加した状態で見られます。

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Discussion

この記事は、圧力センサーとつながれる超音波を使用して足のコンパートメント圧力の非侵襲的な測定のための新しい、臨床的に適用できる技術を示す。この技術は、ハンドヘルド超音波および市販の圧力感知トランスデューサのみを必要とする。それは速く、実行し易くで、患者によってよく容認される。全体の診断手順は、追加のリソースなしで5分以内に実行することができます。その後、計算されたデルタ CFFP を物理試験と組み合わせて使用して、怪我脚の頭蓋骨 fasciotomy の必要性を評価することができます。

このプロトコルの重要なステップは、細部への最大の注意を必要とする、fascial 層が完全に平坦である点で圧力値を捕捉することです。微妙なコンベクシティまたはくぼみは、CFFP 値を著しく膨張または収縮させる可能性がある。3つの連続測定を得ることはテストの正確さの改善を助ける。さらに、この技術を実践することで、この試験の再現性と信頼性が向上します。

現在進行中の次のステップは、コンパートメント内圧を評価するためにこの非侵襲的超音波法の有用性を評価する前向きである。我々は、CFFPs のためのベースラインの参照を得るためにコンパートメント症候群なしの患者の将来のシリーズを収集しています。また、頭蓋骨 fasciotomy の必要性を予測するためのデルタ CFFP 閾値を特定するために、コンパートメント症候群と臨床的に診断された患者に関する将来のデータを収集しています。

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Disclosures

著者は何も開示することはありません

Acknowledgments

なし。

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
Pressure sensor: Venous pressure measurement device Vein press VP 2014 A peripheral venous measuring device used in conjuction with an ultrasound to measure peripheral venous pressure.
Ultrasound probe: Vscan Extend R2 Dual Probe DICOM Base Package GE Healthcare H8038VP Any ultrasound probe will be sufficent for this test. Using the narrow tranducer will function best when coupled to the pressure sensor

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References

  1. Ulmer, T. The clinical diagnosis of compartment syndrome of the lower leg: are clinical findings predictive of the disorder? Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. 16 (8), 572-577 (2002).
  2. Whitesides, T. E., et al. Tissue pressure measurements as a determinant for the need of fasciotomy. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 113, 43-51 (1975).
  3. McQueen, M. M., Court-Brown, C. M. Compartment monitoring in tibial fractures: the pressure threshold for decompression. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 78 (1), 99-104 (1996).
  4. McQueen, M. M., Christie, J., Court-Brown, C. M. Compartment pressures after intramedullary nailing of the tibia. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume. 72 (3), 395-397 (1990).
  5. Masquelet, A. C. Acute compartment syndrome of the leg: pressure measurement and fasciotomy. Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research. 96 (8), 913-917 (2010).
  6. McQueen, M. M., Duckworth, A. D., Aitken, S. A. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of compartment pressure monitoring for acute compartment syndrome. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 95 (8), 673-677 (2013).
  7. Whitney, A., et al. Do one-time intracompartmental pressure measurements have a high false-positive rate in diagnosing compartment syndrome? Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 76 (2), 479-483 (2014).
  8. Sellei, R. M., et al. Assessment of elevated compartment pressures by pressure-related ultrasound: a cadaveric model. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 41 (6), 639-645 (2015).
  9. Sellei, R. M., et al. Compartment elasticity measured by pressure-related ultrasound to determine patients “at risk” for compartment syndrome: an experimental in vitro study. Patient Safety in Surgery. 9 (1), 4 (2015).
  10. Bloch, A., et al. Compression sonography for non-invasive measurement of lower leg compartment pressure in an animal model.". Injury. 49 (3), 532-537 (2018).
  11. Marmor, M., et al. Use of standard musculoskeletal ultrasound to determine the need for fasciotomy in an elevated muscle compartment pressure cadaver leg model. Injury. , (2019).

Tags

医学、問題147、診断技術と手順、画像診断、超音波検査、解剖学、筋骨格系、分析、診断と治療の技術と設備、診断、規律と職業、健康職業、コンパートメント症候群、非侵襲的圧力モニタリング、コンパートメント内圧、脛骨骨折、fasciotomy、超音波
脚のコンパートメント内圧の上昇を検出するための新しい非侵襲的方法
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Cite this Article

Herring, M. J., Donohoe, E., Marmor, More

Herring, M. J., Donohoe, E., Marmor, M. T. A Novel Non-invasive Method for the Detection of Elevated Intra-compartmental Pressures of the Leg. J. Vis. Exp. (147), e59887, doi:10.3791/59887 (2019).

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    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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