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Medicine

使用磁共振成像和活检数据指导前列腺癌生物库的取样程序

Published: October 10, 2019 doi: 10.3791/60216

Summary

该方法涉及利用前列腺癌患者的临床诊断数据,以指导采样程序,当生物银行组织遵循根治前列腺切除术。这克服了以前发布的方法中有关为更广泛的下游应用提供新鲜组织的效率和可用性的问题。

Abstract

以前的生物库前列腺组织方法,在根前列腺切除术后,通常涉及随机抽样。为了提高效率,使更广泛的下游应用,开发了一种更有针对性的前列腺组织取样方法。在这里,我们使用磁共振成像 (MRI) 和活检数据来定位器官的特定区域进行采样。该方法涉及使用先前公布的前列腺切片装置,从前列腺预定区域去除5毫米横向切片,然后从该切片的预定区域去除6毫米冲孔活检。这些样品可以冷冻储存或固定用于生物库目的,或立即使用新鲜肿瘤含量的70%的置信度,而随机抽样方法的置信度为10%。这使得所有标准的下游技术,如基因组学,蛋白质组学或组织学工作,但也工作需要新鲜组织,如活组织成像或前体培养。

Introduction

获得高质量的人类前列腺癌组织是推动该领域有效研究的关键要求。有许多现有的方法样本前列腺组织后,根治前列腺切除术的研究。通常,这些涉及使用冲床活检从新鲜、冷冻或固定的前列腺组织切片中随机抽取样本,并追溯性地确认每个样本中是否存在由血氧林和欧辛 (H&E) 评估的肿瘤。泌尿科医生1,2,3,4,5。最近的一项审查汇编了这些现有方法的概述6。这些方法对于某些下游应用非常有用,在哪些应用中,组织可以储存和评估肿瘤含量,例如大规模基因组分析,如国际癌症基因组联盟 (ICGC) 和癌症基因组图谱 (TCGA)47.然而,如果我们使用磁共振成像(MRI)和/或活检数据来定位前列腺的特定区域进行取样,这些方法就可以改进。这将从两个方面改进方法;首先,通过减少采集的组织样本数量,提高效率,减轻病理科室的压力和储存成本;其次,允许立即使用新鲜组织,而无需立即确认肿瘤含量,用于新的先进技术下游技术,如活组织成像、有机体生成或体外培养。这一研究需要导致了PEOPLE(PatiEntprstatesamPLesresearch)方法的发展,并且前84例使用PEOPLE的生物库的结果最近发表在8。该方法的变体也已出版与三维(3D)打印切片装置和患者专用模具,以方便在固定前和固定后组织9,10的体外MRI。

Protocol

该协议符合当地准则,并经 UCL/UCLC 生物库研究伦理委员会批准(参考 15/YH/0311)。

注:由于这种方法涉及人体组织的取样,因此在开始议定书之前必须遵守所有有关伦理和同意的当地程序。如果手术前有MRI和活检数据,肿瘤直径为5毫米,则可包括根治性前列腺切除术病例。如果指数病变未明确定义,则应排除病例,即MRI只能看到扩散变化。

1. 前列腺切片装置

  1. 购买前列腺切片器械(材料表)。或者,使用以前发布的10中的 3D 打印机打印刀片句柄。
    注:此处使用的设备和一次性刀片是在英国伦敦癌症研究所根据材料转移协议购买的。

2. 肿瘤靶向

  1. 查看临床笔记,以确定诊断活检(例如左后背)指示的指数病变。
  2. 查看 MRI 图像以测量上述肿瘤的位置。
    1. 找出肿瘤在轴向平面上最可见的序列,例如T2加权。
    2. 滚动轴向图像,查找肿瘤最大的图像,并打印图像供参考。
    3. 在相应的日冕图像中,测量从前列腺底部到所选轴向位置的距离,以及前列腺从顶点到基(mm)的全长,并打印以供参考。

3. 普波里普的收集

  1. 检查患者说明,确保此程序及任何下游研究应用已获得适当的知情同意。
  2. 在进行激进的前列腺切除术后,将前列腺收集在干锅中。确保前列腺没有添加形式性或其他固定剂。
  3. 转移到适当的无菌位置进行取样,例如,病理实验室的层流罩。
  4. 如果需要新鲜组织,请尽快进行取样。
    注:对于某些应用(例如,评估不应像RNA一样迅速降解的DNA),第二天冷藏标本并取样可能合适。

4. 标本制备

  1. 使用无菌技术,根据局部净化程序制备层流罩和前列腺切片装置。在这里,喷洒 70% 乙醇并擦拭所有表面。使用无菌一次性针头和手术刀。使用切片机刀片最多三次;每次在热肥皂水中清洗后,然后用70%乙醇喷雾和擦拭。
  2. 使用标准刻度称量前列腺 (g)。
  3. 墨水前列腺。用蓝色墨水画左侧,用黑色墨水绘制右侧。用墨水覆盖整个胶囊和精囊,以稍后表示手术边缘。
    注:墨迹书写过程可能因当地而异,并可以相应地修改。

5. 前列腺切片

  1. 通过将壁垂直插入支架底部来组装切片设备(图 1A)。
  2. 放置前列腺,使基和顶点朝向对面的墙壁,后侧向下和前向上。在前列腺周围放置金针。如有必要,将前列腺稍微向内推,以获得舒适的配合,这将在切片期间支持前列腺。
  3. 使用标尺测量从基础到顶点的前列腺长度,并与 MRI 测量的前列腺长度进行比较。如果前列腺收缩,则对从基片到目标横向切片的预期距离进行临时校正。例如,如果 MRI 图像中的前列腺全长为 50 mm,但此时使用标尺测量时,其收缩至 45 mm,则预期切片位置减少 10%。
  4. 从基片到所需横向切片的测量。选择最接近此测量值的针脚进行切片。
  5. 戴链式手套,以防止受伤,按住切片装置(图1B),放置刀片两侧的识别针,并使用垫片保持刀片5毫米分开。用长笔划缓慢而坚定地向下、向前和向后移动刀片(图 1C)。在拆卸设备之前,确保已分离完整切片。
  6. 取下墙壁和别针,用手套小心地将切片取出到软木板无菌片上。

6. 组织取样

  1. 目视检查横向切片并与轴向 MRI 图像进行比较。在某些情况下,肿瘤区域可能比周围组织显得苍白。
  2. 轻轻拍打横向切片。在某些情况下,肿瘤可能比周围组织感觉更牢固。
  3. 使用轴向 MRI 图像作为参考,选择一个或多个采样区域。
  4. 对所需组织区域进行活检。
    1. 使用 6 mm 冲孔,向下推到所需的组织区域。
    2. 将组织冲孔当场和向下扭在软木塞上,以确保完全分离,必要时使用锋利的手术刀进行分离。
    3. 使用柱塞弹出,根据需要拆下冲孔并放入管/模具中。
    4. 根据需要对进一步的肿瘤和良性样本重复上述步骤,并单独使用无菌活检冲孔。用红色墨水打孔的孔。
    5. 注意每个冲头的位置以及前列腺的重量以及组织颜色/硬度的任何观察。

7. 提交前列腺进行局部诊断

  1. 在固定前用无菌一次性针头将前列腺固定在软木塞上,以防止组织收缩和翘曲,从而改变手术边缘的外观。
  2. 固定在软木塞后,将前列腺提交组织病理学部门进行标准临床诊断。

8. 设备净化

  1. 丢弃所有一次性设备,并丢弃当地指定的生物医学废物流和/或锐化容器。
  2. 根据适合人体组织的局部风险评估(例如,用 70% EtOH 喷涂和擦拭),对层状流罩和前列腺切片设备进行净化。

Representative Results

使用PEOPLE方法取样的新鲜前列腺组织可用于各种下游技术,包括基因组测序和外生培养。使用此方法抽样的前 59 个案例以前已发布,与该方法的早期版本相比,以及初始下游数据8。从第一次切片前列腺到冷冻/固定这里的冲孔活检的时间约为1分钟,这是保持到最低限度,以避免RNA的降解。从切除前列腺到前列腺切片的时间也应保持在最低限度,尽管这里花了大约20分钟,因为我们的手术室和病理实验室在不同的地点。

根据下游应用,通常至少采集两个样本:一个来自预期肿瘤组织区域,另一个来自预期良性组织区域。取样方法本身成功的关键衡量标准是评估给定样本中的肿瘤含量。

要进入100,000个基因组项目,H&E染色组织部分必须由泌尿病理学家评估,并且样本必须包含至少40%的肿瘤细胞。如果样本成功地进行了宏解剖,则含有少于 40% 肿瘤的样本仍可能包含在项目中。在首批92例中,64%的病例至少含有40%的肿瘤,并提交到10万个基因组计划,没有大解剖。脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)被提取,在所有情况下均具有足够的产量和质量(表1)。与较早的方法8相比,这些样本中的59个样本的初始子集已经发布。

对于前体培养,匹配的肿瘤和良性组织必须有足够的质量来承受72小时培养,而不会显著降解。从总共3名患者身上的多个组织样本中成功培养8。

Figure 1
图1:前列腺切片装置。该仪器是根据癌症研究所的材料转移协议获得的。(A) 壁垂直于底座,金针插入前列腺周围的底座(前列腺未图所示)。(B) 可更换的平行刀片插入刀片手柄。(C) 刀片在金针之间穿过,以切割前列腺的 5 mm 部分。请点击此处查看此图的较大版本。

n (%)
命中(>40%肿瘤) 59 (64%)
部分命中(5-30%肿瘤) 6 (7%)
错过 (0% 肿瘤) 27 (29%)
92 (100%)

表1:肿瘤命中率。肿瘤的命中率是由一位专门研究前列腺癌的顾问病理学家在对H&E染色组织进行审查后确定的。根据英国基因组学指南,确定大于40%的肿瘤细胞含量适合纳入100,000个基因组计划。

Discussion

该协议中的关键步骤包括确定用于取样的肿瘤区域、测量前列腺和组织取样。首先,测量 MRI 以确定采样的正确区域是关键。我们在随附的视频中演示了此方法;但是,我们也建议首先与放射科医生确认测量结果。清晰的临床笔记,将研究人员指向包含索引病变的 MRI 图像区域是理想的。其次,应谨慎测量前列腺,确保标尺以一定角度测量从基到顶的全长,与前列腺前部平行。第三,在取样前应确认肿瘤区域,通过目视检查与原始MRI图像相关的组织切片,对组织进行触觉(在某些情况下,肿瘤区域可以感觉更密集),并目视评估组织的颜色(在某些病例肿瘤会比周围的良性组织显得更苍白)。

该协议已由非临床博士后研究人员、病理学研究员、病理学顾问和研究技术人员在 UCL/UCLH 全面执行。根据我们的经验,无论技术背景如何,在十种情况下都可以学习到协议的所有步骤。但是,我们建议放射科医生进行 MRI 测量培训,病理学家首先进行切片培训。该协议可以使用 3D 打印切片句柄进行修改,如之前发布的10

该技术的潜在局限性包括妨碍诊断的风险。切前列腺是一个关键步骤,如果做错,可能会妨碍分级或正保证金率。这里有两个潜在的问题。首先,如果所有指数病变被移除并立即用于新鲜组织实验,则不会针对该病变进行常规临床诊断,并且患者可能被误诊为患有低级癌症。为了避免这种情况,研究人员应与顾问病理学家讨论取样计划,顾问病理学家将在取样之前定期审查病例,并商定要采集的样本的数量和位置。因此,小肿瘤可能局部排除。其次,如果在固定前未正确固定前列腺胶囊固定在软木板上,这可能允许内部组织在固定过程中向外凸起,从而改变手术边缘。这可能导致假阳性边缘,其中剩余的肿瘤似乎驻留在胶囊纯粹由于组织扭曲。

该技术在现有方法上的意义主要在于肿瘤靶向。迄今为止,已经公布了一系列对激进前列腺切除术标本进行取样的方法;然而,这些都依赖于完全或部分随机抽样方法1,2,3,4,5,6,7。使用活检,特别是MRI数据,提高了效率,允许减少采样与获得肿瘤组织8的信心。

与以前的取样方法相比,这种方法的未来应用允许采用更广泛的下游技术。例如,具有高肿瘤概率的新鲜组织的可用性意味着可以使用更昂贵和/或劳动密集型的新鲜组织技术,因为不需要许多样本来确保肿瘤的存在。这可以包括但不限于前体培养、前体 MRI、高级成像和转录组学。

Disclosures

作者没有什么可透露的。

Acknowledgments

作者希望感谢前列腺癌英国资助SH在前列腺癌英国卓越中心和旅行奖奖学金(TLD-PF16-004)和惠普根据INNOVATE (PG14-018-TR2)。这项工作得到了英国国家卫生研究院伦敦医院生物医学研究中心的研究人员的支持。

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
6 mm biopsy punch Fisher Scientific 13404607 Disposable biopsy punches for removing 6 mm tissue samples
Black Ink Leica Biosystems 3801753 Tissue marking & margin dye
Blue Ink Leica Biosystems 3801751 Tissue marking & margin dye
Chainmail hand glove Arco 1456803 Chainmail gloves to protect hand during slicing
Cork board Fisher Scientific 12396447 Cork board for pinning prostate to following sampling procedure
Needles SLS (Scientific Laboratory supplies) SYR6112 Sterile needles to use to pin tissue to cork board following sampling
Prostate slicing aparatus Insitute of Cancer Research, London NA - must be obtained under MTA A kit containing the slicer handle, blades, spacer, base, walls and pins

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References

  1. Sooriakumaran, P., Henderson, A., Denham, P., Langley, S. E. A novel method of obtaining prostate tissue for gene expression profiling. International Journal of Surgical Pathology. 17 (3), 238-243 (2009).
  2. Jhavar, S. G., et al. Processing of radical prostatectomy specimens for correlation of data from histopathological, molecular biological, and radiological studies: a new whole organ technique. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 58 (5), 504-508 (2005).
  3. Wheeler, T. M., Lebovitz, R. M. Fresh tissue harvest for research from prostatectomy specimens. The Prostate. 25 (5), 274-279 (1994).
  4. Esgueva, R., et al. Next-generation prostate cancer biobanking: toward a processing protocol amenable for the International Cancer Genome Consortium. Diagnostic Molecular Pathology. 21 (2), 61-68 (2012).
  5. Dev, H., et al. Biobanking after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy: a quality assessment of providing prostate tissue for RNA studies. Journal of Translational Medicine. 9, 121 (2011).
  6. Tolkach, Y., et al. Blind Biobanking of the Prostatectomy Specimen: Critical Evaluation of the Existing Techniques and Development of the New 4-Level Tissue Extraction Model With High Sampling Efficacy. The Prostate. 77 (4), 396-405 (2017).
  7. Warren, A. Y., et al. Method for sampling tissue for research which preserves pathological data in radical prostatectomy. The Prostate. 73 (2), 194-202 (2013).
  8. Heavey, S., et al. PatiEnt prOstate samPLes for rEsearch, a tissue collection pathway utilizing magnetic resonance imaging data to target tumor and benign tissue in fresh radical prostatectomy specimens. The Prostate. 79 (7), 768-777 (2019).
  9. Bailey, C., et al. VERDICT MRI validation in fresh and fixed prostate specimens using patient-specific moulds for histological and MR alignment. NMR in Biomedicine. 32 (5), 4073 (2019).
  10. Bourne, R. M., et al. Apparatus for Histological Validation of In Vivo and Ex Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Prostate. Frontiers in Oncology. 7, 47 (2017).

Tags

医学, 问题 152, 前列腺, MRI, 人, 活检, 生物库, 取样, 组织, 癌症, 前列腺切除术, 切片, 基因组学, 培养
使用磁共振成像和活检数据指导前列腺癌生物库的取样程序
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Cite this Article

Heavey, S., Haider, A., Sridhar, A., More

Heavey, S., Haider, A., Sridhar, A., Pye, H., Shaw, G., Freeman, A., Whitaker, H. Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Data to Guide Sampling Procedures for Prostate Cancer Biobanking. J. Vis. Exp. (152), e60216, doi:10.3791/60216 (2019).

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  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Patient Directed Recording of a Bipolar Three-Lead Electrocardiogram using a Smartwatch with ECG Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Data to Guide Sampling Procedures for Prostate Cancer Biobanking
  • Research • Medicine
    A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Non-invasive Method for the Detection of Elevated Intra-compartmental Pressures of the Leg
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Mapping of Specific Ventilation in the Human Lung using Proton Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Oxygen as a Contrast Agent
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Portable Thermographic Screening for Detection of Acute Wallenberg's Syndrome
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of MRI-ultrasound Fusion to Achieve Targeted Prostate Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems
  • Research • Medicine
    Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
  • Research • Neuroscience
    Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
  • Research • Medicine
    Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of the Efficacy of An Osteopathic Treatment in Infants with Biomechanical Impairments to Suckling
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative [18F]-Naf-PET-MRI Analysis for the Evaluation of Dynamic Bone Turnover in a Patient with Facetogenic Low Back Pain
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
  • Research • Medicine
    Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
  • Research • Medicine
    Two-Dimensional X-Ray Angiography to Examine Fine Vascular Structure Using a Silicone Rubber Injection Compound
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation, Procedures and Evaluation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
  • Research • Medicine
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla
  • Research • Medicine
    Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
  • Research • Medicine
    Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology
  • Research • Medicine
    Hydra, a Computer-Based Platform for Aiding Clinicians in Cardiovascular Analysis and Diagnosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
  • Research • Medicine
    'Boden Food Plate': Novel Interactive Web-based Method for the Assessment of Dietary Intake
  • Research • Medicine
    Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
  • Research • Medicine
    Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae
  • Research • Medicine
    Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Hair Samples for Hair Cortisol Analysis in African Americans
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
  • Research • Medicine
    Standardized Measurement of Nasal Membrane Transepithelial Potential Difference (NPD)
  • Research • Medicine
    Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing
  • Research • Medicine
    Electrophysiological Measurement of Noxious-evoked Brain Activity in Neonates Using a Flat-tip Probe Coupled to Electroencephalography
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Physiological Parameters Acquisition and Analysis in Neurosurgical Critical Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
  • Research • Medicine
    Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor (Cerebral Function Monitor) to Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo
  • Research • Medicine
    A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
  • Research • Medicine
    A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
  • Research • Medicine
    Experimental Protocol of a Three-minute, All-out Arm Crank Exercise Test in Spinal-cord Injured and Able-bodied Individuals
  • Research • Medicine
    Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones (ViMAS): A Pilot Study
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
  • Research • Medicine
    Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Research • Medicine
    Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage
  • Research • Medicine
    Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation
  • Research • Medicine
    Impression Cytology of the Lid Wiper Area
  • Research • Behavior
    A Protocol of Manual Tests to Measure Sensation and Pain in Humans
  • Research • Medicine
    Unbiased Deep Sequencing of RNA Viruses from Clinical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    A Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cell-based Model of the Human Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier to Study Bacterial Infection from the Basolateral Side
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
  • Research • Medicine
    Generation of Microtumors Using 3D Human Biogel Culture System and Patient-derived Glioblastoma Cells for Kinomic Profiling and Drug Response Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Laminating Technique to Perform Confocal Microscopy of the Human Sclera
  • Research • Medicine
    Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
  • Research • Medicine
    Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
  • Research • Medicine
    Exosomal miRNA Analysis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients' Plasma Through qPCR: A Feasible Liquid Biopsy Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges
  • Research • Medicine
    Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
  • Research • Medicine
    Stereo-Electro-Encephalo-Graphy (SEEG) With Robotic Assistance in the Presurgical Evaluation of Medical Refractory Epilepsy: A Technical Note
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcutaneous Microcirculatory Imaging in Preterm Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Using an Ingestible Telemetric Temperature Pill to Assess Gastrointestinal Temperature During Exercise
  • Research • Medicine
    Design, Fabrication, and Administration of the Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe)
  • Research • Medicine
    MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
  • Research • Medicine
    Functional Human Liver Preservation and Recovery by Means of Subnormothermic Machine Perfusion
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multicenter MRI Protocol for the Evaluation and Quantification of Deep Vein Thrombosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test
  • Research • Medicine
    Use of Electromagnetic Navigational Transthoracic Needle Aspiration (E-TTNA) for Sampling of Lung Nodules
  • Research • Medicine
    Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
  • Research • Medicine
    Establishment of Human Epithelial Enteroids and Colonoids from Whole Tissue and Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images
  • Research • Medicine
    Preparation and Respirometric Assessment of Mitochondria Isolated from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Obtained by Percutaneous Needle Biopsy
  • Research • Medicine
    A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling
  • Research • Medicine
    State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
  • Research • Medicine
    Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
  • Research • Medicine
    The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire
  • Research • Medicine
    Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research
  • Research • Medicine
    Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
  • Research • Medicine
    DTI of the Visual Pathway - White Matter Tracts and Cerebral Lesions
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
  • Research • Medicine
    A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
  • Research • Medicine
    Clinical Assessment of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters in Patients and Older Adults
  • Research • Medicine
    Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection and Extraction of Saliva DNA for Next Generation Sequencing
  • Research • Medicine
    Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
  • Research • Medicine
    Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
  • Research • Medicine
    Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
  • Research • Medicine
    Network Analysis of the Default Mode Network Using Functional Connectivity MRI in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
  • Research • Medicine
    EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development
  • Research • Medicine
    The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation and Functional Characterization of Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes from Fresh Surgical Samples
  • Research • Medicine
    Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas
  • Research • Medicine
    Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Research • Medicine
    Lesion Explorer: A Video-guided, Standardized Protocol for Accurate and Reliable MRI-derived Volumetrics in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Elderly
  • Research • Medicine
    Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters
  • Research • Medicine
    3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
  • Research • Medicine
    A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting Saliva and Measuring Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-amylase in Frail Community Residing Older Adults via Family Caregivers
  • Research • Medicine
    Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Research • Medicine
    Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Retinal Surgical Specimens Using jouRNAl
  • Research • Medicine
    Improved Protocol For Laser Microdissection Of Human Pancreatic Islets From Surgical Specimens
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment (RMCA) in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
  • Research • Medicine
    Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
  • Research • Medicine
    Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children
  • Research • Medicine
    Collecting And Measuring Wound Exudate Biochemical Mediators In Surgical Wounds
  • Research • Medicine
    A Research Method For Detecting Transient Myocardial Ischemia In Patients With Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome Using Continuous ST-segment Analysis
  • Research • Medicine
    Using a Chemical Biopsy for Graft Quality Assessment
  • Research • Medicine
    Characterizing Exon Skipping Efficiency in DMD Patient Samples in Clinical Trials of Antisense Oligonucleotides
  • Research • Medicine
    In Vitro Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Skinned Cardiomyocytes
  • Research • Medicine
    Normothermic Ex Situ Heart Perfusion in Working Mode: Assessment of Cardiac Function and Metabolism
  • Research • Medicine
    Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
  • Research • Medicine
    Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) for Research; Obtaining Adequate Sample Yield
  • Research • Medicine
    Non-invasive Optical Measurement of Cerebral Metabolism and Hemodynamics in Infants
  • Research • Medicine
    Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
  • Research • Medicine
    Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods
  • Research • Medicine
    Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
  • Research • Medicine
    The Use of Primary Human Fibroblasts for Monitoring Mitochondrial Phenotypes in the Field of Parkinson's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Collection Protocol for Human Pancreas
  • Research • Medicine
    The α-test: Rapid Cell-free CD4 Enumeration Using Whole Saliva
  • Research • Medicine
    The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Donor Tissue Preparation for Endothelial Keratoplasty
  • Research • Medicine
    Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)
  • Research • Medicine
    Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
  • Research • Medicine
    Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
  • Research • Medicine
    Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
  • Research • Medicine
    Detection and Genogrouping of Noroviruses from Children's Stools By Taqman One-step RT-PCR
  • Research • Medicine
    Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
  • Research • Medicine
    The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
  • Research • Medicine
    Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
  • Research • Medicine
    Multifocal Electroretinograms
  • Research • Medicine
    Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
  • Research • Medicine
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling
  • Research • Medicine
    Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
  • Research • Medicine
    Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department
  • Research • Medicine
    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
  • Research • Medicine
    An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System
  • Research • Medicine
    Corneal Confocal Microscopy: A Novel Non-invasive Technique to Quantify Small Fibre Pathology in Peripheral Neuropathies
  • Research • Medicine
    Methods to Quantify Pharmacologically Induced Alterations in Motor Function in Human Incomplete SCI
  • Research • Medicine
    Multispectral Real-time Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Detection of the Sentinel Lymph Node in Gynecologic Oncology
  • Research • Medicine
    Technique to Collect Fungiform (Taste) Papillae from Human Tongue
  • Research • Medicine
    Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
  • Research • Medicine
    Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
  • Research • Medicine
    An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
  • Research • Biology
    Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees
  • Research • Biology
    Demonstration of Cutaneous Allodynia in Association with Chronic Pelvic Pain
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