JoVE Journal > Medicine
Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Results
Discussion
Disclosures
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
Automatic Translation
Medicine

Fertilitetsbevarelse gennem Oocyte Vitrification: Kliniske og laboratorieperspektiver

Published: September 16, 2021
doi:
10.3791/61963
, , , , , , ,
1Clinica Valle Giulia,GeneraLife IVF

Summary

Oocyte cryopreservation er anerkendt af flere internationale videnskabelige samfund som guldstandarden for fertilitetsbevarelse hos postpubertale kvinder. Passende kliniske strategier og laboratoriestrategier sikrer maksimal effektivitet, effektivitet og sikkerhed ved fertilitetsbevarelsesbehandlinger.

Abstract

Bevarelse af kvinders fertilitet er afgørende i et multifunktionelt sundhedssystem, der tager sig af patienternes fremtidige livskvalitet. Oocyte cryopreservation er anerkendt af flere internationale videnskabelige selskaber som guldstandarden for fertilitetsbevarelse hos postpubertale kvinder, for både medicinske og ikke-medicinske indikationer. De vigtigste medicinske indikationer er onkologiske sygdomme, gynækologiske sygdomme som svær endometriose, systemiske sygdomme, der kompromitterer æggestokkenes reserve, og genetiske tilstande, der involverer for tidlig overgangsalder. Dette papir beskriver hele det kliniske og laboratoriemæssige arbejde med en fertilitetsbevarelsesbehandling ved at skitsere anbefalinger til objektiv og evidensbaseret rådgivning. Desuden fokuserer den på effektiviteten af proceduren og beskriver de mest hensigtsmæssige strategier til fuldt ud at udnytte æggestokkene reserve og maksimere antallet af oocytter hentet på kortest mulig tid. Evalueringen af æggestokkene reserve, definitionen af en ideel stimulation protokol, samt oocyte hentning, denudation, og vitrification procedurer er blevet detaljeret sammen med tilgange til at maksimere deres effektivitet, effektivitet og sikkerhed.

Introduction

Udviklingen og implementeringen af et effektivt kryopræserveringsprogram for humane oocytter har været et betydeligt gennembrud inden for reproduktiv medicin. Ifølge de seneste beviser, vitrification er den mest effektive strategi til cryopreserve metafase II (MII) oocytter, da det resulterer i statistisk højere overlevelsesrater i forhold til langsom frysning, uafhængigt af patientpopulationen (ufrugtbare patienter eller oocyt donation program)1,2,3. De bemærkelsesværdige resultater af oocyt vitrificering førte praksis udvalg American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) og Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) til at udtale denne teknik til at være den mest effektive til elektiv fertilitet bevarelse hos postpubertal kvinder, for både medicinske og ikke-medicinske indikationer4,5,6. Medicinske indikationer for fertilitetsbevarelse omfatter (i) kræft og autoimmune sygdomme, der kræver behandlinger7 såsom strålebehandling, cytotoksisk kemoterapi og endokrine terapi (hvis skadelige virkning på æggestokkene reserve er forbundet med moderens alder samt type og dosis af behandlingen); — sygdomme i æggestokkene, der kræver gentagen eller radikal kirurgi (f.eks. endometriose)8 og (iii) genetiske tilstande (f.eks. X-skrøbelige) eller for tidlig ovariesvigt. Derudover er fertilitetsbevarelse blevet en værdifuld mulighed for alle kvinder, der ikke har nået deres forældremål af ikke-medicinske årsager (også kendt som social indefrysning).

Uanset indikationen for fertilitetsbevarelse og i henhold til de store internationale retningslinjer for fertilitetsbevarelse bør alle patienter , der er villige til at vitrificere deres oocytter, modtage passende rådgivning for at blive informeret om deres realistiske chance for succes, omkostninger, risici og begrænsninger ved proceduren9,10,11,12,13. Vigtigst er det, bør det være klart, at vitrifying en kohorte af MII oocytter ikke sikrer en graviditet, men at det giver en større chance for succes for fremtidig in vitro befrugtning (IVF) behandling, hvis det er nødvendigt14. I denne henseende er kvindens alder på tidspunktet for oocyt vitrifikation helt sikkert den vigtigste begrænsende faktor15 som avanceret mødrealder (AMA; > 35 år) er hovedårsagen til kvindelig infertilitet16. Ud over en progressiv reduktion i æggestokkene reserve, AMA er forbundet med en svækkelse af oocyt kompetence på grund af defekte fysiologiske veje såsom stofskifte, epigenetisk regulering, celle cyklus checkpoints, og meiotisk adskillelse17. Derfor afhænger det rimelige antal æg, der skal vitrificeres, hovedsageligt af moderens alder. Hos kvinder yngre end 36 år, mindst 8-10 MII oocytes18 er forpligtet til at maksimere chancen for succes. Generelt gælder det, at jo højere antallet af forglassede oocytter er, jo højere er sandsynligheden for succes. Derfor er skræddersy æggestokkene stimulation i henhold til æggestokkene reserve markører såsom anti-Müllerian hormon (AMH) niveauer eller antral follikeltal (AFC) er afgørende for fuldt ud at udnytte æggestokkene reserve på kortest mulig tid.

Sikkerheden ved hele proceduren er det andet centrale spørgsmål, når du tilmelder patienter til fertilitetsbevarelse. Klinikere bør anvende de bedste strategier til at minimere risici og forebygge (i) ovarie hyperstimulation syndrom (OHSS) ved hjælp af sikre tilgange såsom gonadotrophin-frigive hormon (GnRH) antagonist protokol efterfulgt af en GnRH agonist udløse19 og (ii) fjernbetjeningen, endnu muligt, risiko for peritoneal blødning, skade på bækken strukturer (ureter, tarm, tillæg, nerver), eller bækken infektion under oocyt hentning. Endelig (iii) traditionelle regimer til stimulering er forbundet med supraphysiologic serum østradiol og derfor ikke anbefales i østrogen-følsomme sygdomme som brystkræft. Protokoller, der involverer aromatasehæmmere (f.eks. letrozofødder eller tamoxifen), er mere velegnede i disse tilfælde20,21. I laboratoriet indstilling, den mest udbredte protokol for oocyt vitrification er stadig den første beskrevet af Kuwayama og kolleger2,23, som består af en trinvis procedure, der involverer gradvis tilsætning af kryoprotectants (CPA’er). I første fase (ligevægt/dehydrering) eksponeres oocytter i en CPA-opløsning, der indeholder 7,5% v/v ethylenglycol og 7,5% v/v dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO), mens de i anden fase oocytter flyttes til en vitrifikationsopløsning med 15% v/v ethylenglycol og 15% v/v DMSO plus 0,5 mol/L saccharose. Efter en kort inkubation i vitrifikationsmediet kan oocytterne placeres i specielt designede, åbne kryodevices og til sidst kastes i flydende nitrogen ved -196 °C, der skal opbevares indtil brug.

Her er hele det kliniske og laboratoriemæssige arbejde med en fertilitetsbevarelsesbehandling blevet beskrevet ved (i) at skitsere anbefalinger til objektiv og evidensbaseret rådgivning, (ii) med fokus på procedurens omkostningseffektivitet og (iii) beskrive de mest hensigtsmæssige strategier til fuldt ud at udnytte æggestokkene og maksimere antallet af oocytter hentet på kortest mulig tid. Evalueringen af æggestokkene reserve, definitionen af en ideel stimulation protokol, samt oocyte hentning, denudation, og vitrification procedurer vil blive detaljeret sammen med tilgange til at maksimere deres effektivitet, effektivitet og sikkerhed. Da der findes andre protokoller eller tilpasninger af denne protokol i litteraturen, gælder de repræsentative resultater og diskussionsafsnittene i dette manuskript kun for denne procedure.

Protocol

1. Op- og 1.3.1992 BEMÆRK: Hvis patienter, der har brug for fertilitetsbevarelse af onkologiske årsager, skal du sikre dig, at der ikke er nogen venteliste til planlægningskonsultation, og at udnævnelsen leveres så hurtigt som muligt. Undersøg sygehistorien og tidligere dokumentation, og vurder patientens generelle sundhedstilstand. Registrer alle oplysninger (herunder onkologens godkendelse til at gennemgå stimulering i æggestokkene i tilfælde af kræftpatienter) …

Representative Results

Oversigt over fertilitetsbevarelsesprogrammet på centret Over en 12-årig periode (2008-2020) gennemgik 285 kvinder mindst én oocytudtagning, der indebar vitrificering af hele kohorten af modne æg indsamlet. De fleste af disse kvinder (n= 250) gennemgik en enkelt genfinding, og 35 gennemgik flere henninger. Årsagerne til at gennemgå oocyt hentning for æg vitrification er sammenfattet i 4 kategorier: medicinsk (bortset fra kræft), kræft, ikke-medicinsk, og andre. Blandt…

Discussion

Kliniske overvejelser

Selv om nye strategier, såsom æggestokkene væv cryopreservation og in vitro modning, er blevet undersøgt, oocyt vitrification efter COS er guld standard teknik til fertilitet bevarelse. I dette scenario, antallet af oocytter hentet og cryopreserved bør maksimeres på kortest mulig tid, da de fleste kræftpatienter kan drage fordel udelukkende af en æggestokkene cyklus, før de er nødt til at påbegynde deres kræftbehandling (r). Således er en or…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Ingen

Materials

Collection
Equipment
Hot plate IVF TECH
Lab Markers Sigma Aldrich
Laminar Flow Hood IVF TECH Grade A air flow
Stereomicroscope Leica Leica M80
Thermometer
Test tube Warmer
Tri-gas incubator Panasonic MCO-5M-PE 02/CO2
Vacuum Pump Cook K-MAR-5200
Consumables
CSCM (Continuos single culture complete) medium Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 90165 IVF culture medium supplemented with HSA
Mineral Oil for embryo culture Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 9305
Ovum Aspiration Needle (Single lumen) Cook K-OSN-1730-B-60
Primaria Dish Corning 353803 Corning Primaria Dish 100×20 mm style standard cell culture dish
Round- bottom tubes Falcon 352001 Falcon 14ml Round Bottom Polystyrene Test tube with snap cap
Round- bottom tubes Falcon 352003 Oocyte collection tubes/ Falcon 5ml 12×75 Round Bottom Polipropilene Test tube with snap cap
Rubber Bulb Sigma Aldrich Z111589-12EA
Sterile glass Pasteur pipettes Hunter Scientific PPB150-100PL Pipette Pasteur Cotonate, 150mm, MEA e CE
Denudation
Equipment
CO2 incubator Eppendorf Galaxy 14S
Flexipet adjustable handle set Cook G18674 Stripper  holder
Gilson Pipetman Gilson 66003 p20
k-System Incubator Coopersurgical G210Invicell
Lab Markers Sigma Aldrich
Laminar Flow Hood IVF TECH Grade A air flow
Stereomicroscope Leica Leica M80
Consumables
Biopur epTIPS Rack Eppendorf 30075331 Micropipettes epTIPS Biopur 2-200 µl
Human Serum Albumin thermoFisher Scietific 9988
Hyaluronidase Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 90101 80 IU/mL of hyaluronidase enzyme in HEPES-buffered HTF
IVF culture dish (60 x 15mm) Corning 353802 Corning Primaria Falcon Dish 60X15mm TC Primaria standard cell culture dish
IVF dish 4-well plate with sliding lid ThermoFisher Scietific 176740 Multidishes 4 wells (Nunc)
IVF One well dish Falcon 353653 Falcon 60 x 15 mm TC treated center-well IVF
Mineral Oil for embryo culture Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 9305
Modified HTF Medium Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 90126 HEPES-Buffered medium
Rubber Bulb Sigma Aldrich Z111589-12EA 1 mL for pasteur pipettes
Sterile glass Pasteur pipettes Hunter Scientific PPB150-100PL Pipette Pasteur Cotonate, 150 mm, MEA e CE
stripping pipette  tips (140 µm) Cook K-FPIP-1140-10BS-6 PIPETTE FLEXIPETS PER DENUDING
stripping pipette tips (130 µm ) Cook K-FPIP-1130-10BS-7 PIPETTE FLEXIPETS PER DENUDING
stripping pipette tips (170 µm) Cook K-FPIP-1170-10BS-5 PIPETTE FLEXIPETS PER DENUDING
Vitrification
Equipment
Electronic Timer
Flexipet adjustable handle set Cook G18674 Stripper  holder
Gilson Pipetman Gilson F123601 p200
Lab Markers Sigma Aldrich
Laminar Flow Hood IVF TECH Grade A air flow
Stainless Container for Cooling Rack Kitazato Liquid nitrogen container for vitrification
Stereomicroscope Leica Leica M80
Consumables
Biopur epTIPS Rack Eppendorf 30075331 Micropipettes epTIPS Biopur 2-200 µL
Human Serum Albumin Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 9988
IVF culture dish (60 x 15 mm) Corning 353802 Corning Primaria Falcon Dish 60 x 15 mm TC Primaria standard cell culture dish
IVF dish 6-well Oosafe OOPW-SW02 OOSAFE 6 WELL DISH WITH STRAW HOLDER
Modified HTF Medium Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 90126 HEPES-Buffered medium
stripping pipette tips (170 µm) Cook K-FPIP-1170-10BS-5 PIPETTE FLEXIPETS PER DENUDING
Vitrification Freeze kit Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 90133-so 2 Vials of ES (Equilibration Solution, 2 x 1 mL) and 2 Vials of VS (Vitrification Solution, 2 x 1 mL)
Vitrifit Coopersurgical Origio 42782001A VitriFit  Box
Warming
Equipment
Electronic Timer
Flexipet adjustable handle set Cook G18674 Stripper  holder
Gilson Pipetman Gilson F123601 p200
k-System Incubator Coopersurgical G210Invicell
Lab Markers Sigma Aldrich
Laminar Flow Hood IVF TECH Grade A air flow
Stainless Container for Cooling Rack Kitazato Liquid nitrogen container for vitrification
Stereomicroscope Leica Leica M80
Consumables
Biopur epTIPS Rack Eppendorf 30075331 Micropipettes epTIPS Biopur 2-200 µL
CSCM (Continuos single culture complete) medium Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 90165 IVF culture medium supplemented with HSA
IVF culture dish (60 x 15 mm) Corning 353802 Corning Primaria Falcon Dish 60X15mm TC Primaria standard cell culture dish
IVF dish 4-well plate with sliding lid ThermoFisher Scietific 176740 Multidishes 4 wells (Nunc)
IVF dish 6-well Oosafe OOPW-SW02 OOSAFE® 6 WELL DISH WITH STRAW HOLDER
Mineral Oil for embryo culture Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 9305
SAtripping pipette tips (300µm) Cook K-FPIP-1300-10BS-5 PIPETTE FLEXIPETS PER DENUDING
Vitrification Thaw kit Fujifilm Irvine Scientific 90137-so 4 Vials of TS (Thawing Solution, 4 x 2 mL) + 1 Vial of DS (Dilution Solution, 1 x 2 mL) +1 Vial of WS (Washing Solution, 1 x 2 mL)
DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

References

  1. Cobo, A., Diaz, C. Clinical application of oocyte vitrification: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Fertility and Sterility. 96 (2), 277-285 (2011).
  2. Rienzi, L., et al. Oocyte, embryo and blastocyst cryopreservation in ART: systematic review and meta-analysis comparing slow-freezing versus vitrification to produce evidence for the development of global guidance. Human Reproduction Update. 23 (2), 139-155 (2017).
  3. Nagy, Z. P., Anderson, R. E., Feinberg, E. C., Hayward, B., Mahony, M. C. The Human Oocyte Preservation Experience (HOPE) Registry: evaluation of cryopreservation techniques and oocyte source on outcomes. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 15 (1), (2017).
  4. Practice Committees of American Society for Reproductive, M., & Society for Assisted Reproductive, T. Mature oocyte cryopreservation: a guideline. Fertility and Sterility. 99 (1), 37-43 (2013).
  5. Lee, S. J., et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation in cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 24 (18), 2917-2931 (2006).
  6. Nakayama, K., Ueno, N. T. American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations on fertility preservation should be implemented regardless of disease status or previous treatments. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 24 (33), 5334-5335 (2006).
  7. Martinez, F. Update on fertility preservation from the Barcelona International Society for Fertility Preservation-ESHRE-ASRM 2015 expert meeting: indications, results and future perspectives. Human Reproduction. 32 (9), 1802-1811 (2017).
  8. Lantsberg, D., Fernando, S., Cohen, Y., Rombauts, L. The role of fertility preservation in women with endometriosis: a systematic review. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 27 (2), 362-372 (2020).
  9. Anderson, R. A., et al. Cancer treatment and gonadal function: experimental and established strategies for fertility preservation in children and young adults. Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 3 (7), 556-567 (2015).
  10. Lambertini, M., et al. Cancer and fertility preservation: international recommendations from an expert meeting. BMC Medicine. 14, 1 (2016).
  11. Kim, S. J., Kim, S. K., Lee, J. R., Suh, C. S., Kim, S. H. Oocyte cryopreservation for fertility preservation in women with ovarian endometriosis. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 40 (6), 827-834 (2020).
  12. Loren, A. W., et al. Fertility preservation for patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 31 (19), 2500-2510 (2013).
  13. Peccatori, F. A., et al. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology. 24, 160-170 (2013).
  14. Dondorp, W. J., De Wert, G. M. Fertility preservation for healthy women: ethical aspects. Human Reproduction. 24 (8), 1779-1785 (2009).
  15. Cil, A. P., Bang, H., Oktay, K. Age-specific probability of live birth with oocyte cryopreservation: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Fertilility and Steriityl. 100 (2), 492-499 (2013).
  16. Ubaldi, F. M., et al. Advanced maternal age in IVF: still a challenge? The present and the future of its treatment. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 10, 94 (2019).
  17. Cimadomo, D., et al. Impact of maternal age on oocyte and embryo competence. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 9, 327 (2018).
  18. Cobo, A., et al. Oocyte vitrification as an efficient option for elective fertility preservation. Fertility and Sterility. 105 (3), 755-764 (2016).
  19. Devroey, P., Polyzos, N. P., Blockeel, C. An OHSS-Free Clinic by segmentation of IVF treatment. Human Reproduction. 26 (10), 2593-2597 (2011).
  20. Sonigo, C., et al. Impact of letrozole supplementation during ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation in breast cancer patients. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology X. 4, 100049 (2019).
  21. Marklund, A., et al. Efficacy and safety of controlled ovarian stimulation using GnRH antagonist protocols for emergency fertility preservation in young women with breast cancer-a prospective nationwide Swedish multicenter study. Human Reproduction. 35 (4), 929-938 (2020).
  22. Kuwayama, M. Highly efficient vitrification for cryopreservation of human oocytes and embryos: the Cryotop method. Theriogenology. 67 (1), 73-80 (2007).
  23. Kuwayama, M., Vajta, G., Kato, O., Leibo, S. P. Highly efficient vitrification method for cryopreservation of human oocytes. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 11 (3), 300-308 (2005).
  24. Bosch, E., et al. ESHRE guideline: ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI(dagger). Human Reproduction Open. 2020 (2), (2020).
  25. ESHRE Working Group on Ultrasound in ART. Recommendations for good practice in ultrasound: oocyte pick up(dagger). Human Reproduction Open. 2019 (4), 025 (2019).
  26. Rienzi, L., et al. Failure mode and effects analysis of witnessing protocols for ensuring traceability during IVF. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 31 (4), 516-522 (2015).
  27. Mazzilli, R., et al. Effect of the male factor on the clinical outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection combined with preimplantation aneuploidy testing: observational longitudinal cohort study of 1,219 consecutive cycles. Fertility and Sterility. 108 (6), 961-972 (2017).
  28. Polyzos, N. P., et al. Cumulative live birth rates according to the number of oocytes retrieved after the first ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a multicenter multinational analysis including approximately 15,000 women. Fertility and Steriityl. 110 (4), 661-670 (2018).
  29. Alteri, A., Pisaturo, V., Nogueira, D., D’Angelo, A. Elective egg freezing without medical indications. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 98 (5), 647-652 (2019).
  30. Mesen, T. B., Mersereau, J. E., Kane, J. B., Steiner, A. Z. Optimal timing for elective egg freezing. Fertility and Steriityl. 103 (6), 1551-1556 (2015).
  31. Doyle, J. O., et al. Successful elective and medically indicated oocyte vitrification and warming for autologous in vitro fertilization, with predicted birth probabilities for fertility preservation according to number of cryopreserved oocytes and age at retrieval. Fertility and Sterility. 105 (2), 459-466 (2016).
  32. Rienzi, L., et al. Significance of metaphase II human oocyte morphology on ICSI outcome. Fertility and Sterility. 90 (5), 1692-1700 (2008).
  33. Ubaldi, F. M., et al. Reduction of multiple pregnancies in the advanced maternal age population after implementation of an elective single embryo transfer policy coupled with enhanced embryo selection: pre- and post-intervention study. Human Reproduction. 30 (9), 2097-2106 (2015).
  34. Cakmak, H., Katz, A., Cedars, M. I., Rosen, M. P. Effective method for emergency fertility preservation: random-start controlled ovarian stimulation. Fertility and Sterility. 100 (6), 1673-1680 (2013).
  35. Moravek, M. B., et al. Long-term outcomes in cancer patients who did or did not pursue fertility preservation. Fertility and Sterility. 109 (2), 349-355 (2018).
  36. Vaiarelli, A., Venturella, R., Vizziello, D., Bulletti, F., Ubaldi, F. M. Dual ovarian stimulation and random start in assisted reproductive technologies: from ovarian biology to clinical application. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 29 (3), 153-159 (2017).
  37. Vaiarelli, A., Cimadomo, D., Ubaldi, N., Rienzi, L., Ubaldi, F. M. What is new in the management of poor ovarian response in IVF. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 30 (3), 155-162 (2018).
  38. Venturella, R., et al. State of the art and emerging drug therapies for female infertility. Gynecological Endocrinology. 35 (10), 835-841 (2019).
  39. Venturella, R., et al. A modern approach to the management of candidates for assisted reproductive technology procedures. Minerva Ginecologica. 70 (1), 69-83 (2018).
  40. Ferreiro, E., de Uralde, B. L., Abreu, R., Garcia-Velasco, J. A., Munoz, E. Aromatase inhibitors for ovarian stimulation in patients with breast cancer. Current Drug Targets. 21 (9), 910-921 (2020).
  41. Oktay, K., et al. Letrozole reduces estrogen and gonadotropin exposure in women with breast cancer undergoing ovarian stimulation before chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 91 (10), 3885-3890 (2006).
  42. Meirow, D., et al. Tamoxifen co-administration during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization in breast cancer patients increases the safety of fertility-preservation treatment strategies. Fertility and Steriity. 102 (2), 488-495 (2014).
  43. Friedler, S., Koc, O., Gidoni, Y., Raziel, A., Ron-El, R. Ovarian response to stimulation for fertility preservation in women with malignant disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility and Steriity. 97 (1), 125-133 (2012).
  44. Tsampras, N., Gould, D., Fitzgerald, C. T. Double ovarian stimulation (DuoStim) protocol for fertility preservation in female oncology patients. Human Fertility. 20 (4), 248-253 (2017).
  45. Vaiarelli, A., et al. Double stimulation in the same ovarian cycle (DuoStim) to maximize the number of oocytes retrieved from poor prognosis patients: a multicenter experience and SWOT analysis. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 9, 317 (2018).
  46. Cimadomo, D., et al. Luteal phase anovulatory follicles result in the production of competent oocytes: intra-patient paired case-control study comparing follicular versus luteal phase stimulations in the same ovarian cycle. Human Reproduction. 33 (8), 1442-1448 (2018).
  47. Rienzi, L., Ubaldi, F. M. Oocyte versus embryo cryopreservation for fertility preservation in cancer patients: guaranteeing a women’s autonomy. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 32 (8), 1195-1196 (2015).
  48. Oktay, K., Harvey, B. E., Loren, A. W. Fertility preservation in patients with cancer: ASCO clinical practice guideline update summary. JCO Oncology Practice. 14 (6), 381-385 (2018).
  49. Iussig, B., et al. A brief history of oocyte cryopreservation: Arguments and facts. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 98 (5), 550-558 (2019).
  50. Best, B. P. Cryoprotectant toxicity: facts, issues, and questions. Rejuvenation Research. 18 (5), 422-436 (2015).
  51. Fuller, B., Paynter, S. Fundamentals of cryobiology in reproductive medicine. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 9 (6), 680-691 (2004).
  52. Konc, J., Kanyo, K., Kriston, R., Somoskoi, B., Cseh, S. Cryopreservation of embryos and oocytes in human assisted reproduction. BioMed Research International. 2014, 307268 (2014).
  53. Erstad, B. L. Osmolality and osmolarity: narrowing the terminology gap. Pharmacotherapy. 23 (9), 1085-1086 (2003).
  54. Sunde, A., et al. Time to take human embryo culture seriously. Human Reproduction. 31 (10), 2174-2182 (2016).
  55. Swain, J. E., Cabrera, L., Xu, X., Smith, G. D. Microdrop preparation factors influence culture-media osmolality, which can impair mouse embryo preimplantation development. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 24 (2), 142-147 (2012).
  56. Wale, P. L., Gardner, D. K. The effects of chemical and physical factors on mammalian embryo culture and their importance for the practice of assisted human reproduction. Human Reproduction Update. 22 (1), 2-22 (2016).
  57. Seki, S., Mazur, P. The dominance of warming rate over cooling rate in the survival of mouse oocytes subjected to a vitrification procedure. Cryobiology. 59 (1), 75-82 (2009).
  58. Karlsson, J. O. A theoretical model of intracellular devitrification. Cryobiology. 42 (3), 154-169 (2001).
  59. Jin, B., et al. Equilibrium vitrification of mouse embryos. Biololgy of Reproduction. 82 (2), 444-450 (2010).
  60. Mazur, P. Equilibrium, quasi-equilibrium, and nonequilibrium freezing of mammalian embryos. Cell Biophysics. 17 (1), 53-92 (1990).
  61. Parmegiani, L., et al. “Universal Warming” protocol for vitrified oocytes to streamline cell exchange for transnational donation programs: a multi-center study. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 37 (6), 1379-1385 (2020).
  62. Vajta, G., Rienzi, L., Ubaldi, F. M. Open versus closed systems for vitrification of human oocytes and embryos. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 30 (4), 325-333 (2015).
  63. Cai, H., et al. Open versus closed vitrification system of human oocytes and embryos: a systematic review and meta-analysis of embryologic and clinical outcomes. Reproductive Biology & Endocrinology. 16 (1), 123 (2018).
  64. Parmegiani, L., et al. Sterilization of liquid nitrogen with ultraviolet irradiation for safe vitrification of human oocytes or embryos. Fertility and Sterility. 94 (4), 1525-1528 (2010).
  65. Parmegiani, L., et al. Efficiency of aseptic open vitrification and hermetical cryostorage of human oocytes. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 23 (4), 505-512 (2011).
  66. Cobo, A., et al. Storage of human oocytes in the vapor phase of nitrogen. Fertility and Sterility. 94 (5), 1903-1907 (2010).
  67. Eum, J. H., et al. Long-term liquid nitrogen vapor storage of mouse embryos cryopreserved using vitrification or slow cooling. Fertility and Sterility. 91 (5), 1928-1932 (2009).
  68. Fabozzi, G., et al. Which key performance indicators are most effective in evaluating and managing an in vitro fertilization laboratory. Fertility and Sterility. 114 (1), 9-15 (2020).
  69. Dessolle, L., et al. Learning curve of vitrification assessed by cumulative summation test for learning curve (LC-CUSUM). Fertility and Sterility. 92 (3), 943-945 (2009).
  70. Alpha Scientists In Reproductive Medicine. The Alpha consensus meeting on cryopreservation key performance indicators and benchmarks: proceedings of an expert meeting. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 25 (2), 146-167 (2012).
  71. Edgar, D. H., Gook, D. A. A critical appraisal of cryopreservation (slow cooling versus vitrification) of human oocytes and embryos. Human Reproduction Update. 18 (5), 536-554 (2012).
  72. Edgar, D. H., Archer, J., Bourne, H. The application and impact of cryopreservation of early cleavage stage embryos in assisted reproduction. Human Fertility. 8 (4), 225-230 (2005).

Tags

Keywords: Oocyte VitrificationFertility PreservationCryopreservationOocyte WarmingIVFCryoprotectantsEquilibration SolutionVitrification SolutionCryo DeviceHEPES Buffer MediumHuman Serum AlbuminStripper PipetteCentral Well IVF Dish
check_url/61963?article_type=t

Play Video
PDF
DOI
DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST
Cite This Article
Maggiulli, R., Vaiarelli, A., Cimadomo, D., Giancani, A., Tacconi, L., Fabozzi, G., Ubaldi, F. M., Rienzi, L. Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives. J. Vis. Exp. (175), e61963, doi:10.3791/61963 (2021).
Download Citation
Reprints and Permissions

View Video

✖

To prove you're not a robot, please enter the text in the image below

CAPTCHA Image
Play CAPTCHA Audio
Refresh Image