Summary

En forenklet trinnvis tilnærming til ekkoveiledning under perkutan mitralklaffreparasjon

Published: October 16, 2021
doi:

Summary

Denne protokollen presenterer i detalj hvordan du utfører sanntids ekkokardiografisk veiledning under reparasjon av transkateter mitralklaff. De grunnleggende synspunktene og de nødvendige målingene er beskrevet for hvert trinn i prosedyren.

Abstract

Perkutan transkateter kant-til-kant rekonstruksjon av mitralklaffen er en sikker og veletablert terapi for alvorlig symptomatisk mitral regurgitation hos pasienter med høy kirurgisk risiko. Ekkokardiografisk veiledning i tillegg til fluoroskopi er gullstandarden og bør utføres ved hjelp av en standardisert teknikk.

Denne artikkelen beskriver vår reproduserbare trinnvise ekkokardiografiske veiledning, inkludert visninger, målinger samt utheving av mulige vanskeligheter som kan oppstå under prosedyren.

Denne artikkelen inneholder detaljerte og kronologiske ekkokardiografiske visninger for hvert trinn i prosedyren, spesielt innstillinger mellom 2D- og 3D-bildebehandling. Om nødvendig beskrives pulsbølge-, kontinuerlig bølge- og fargedopplermålinger. Videre, da det ikke er noen offisielle anbefalinger for kvantifisering av mitral regurgitation under den perkutane kant-til-kant-reparasjonsprosedyren, er råd også inkludert for ekkokardiografisk kvantifisering etter å ha tatt tak i mitralbrosjyrene og etter enhetsdistribusjon. I tillegg omhandler artikkelen viktige ekkokardiografiske synspunkter for å forhindre og håndtere mulige komplikasjoner under prosedyren.

Ekkokardiografisk veiledning under reparasjon av mitralklaffer for transkateter er obligatorisk. En strukturert tilnærming forbedrer samarbeidet mellom intervensjonist og imager og er uunnværlig for en sikker og effektiv prosedyre.

Introduction

Mitral regurgitation (MR) er den nest hyppigste indikasjonen på ventilkirurgi i Europa1. Ubehandlet kan det føre til alvorlig hjertesvikt og redusert livskvalitet2,3,4. Den perkutane mitralklaffreparasjonen (PMVR) er en kateterbasert teknikk, som etterligner Alfieri stitch kirurgisk metode for mitral reparasjon ved å koble A2 og P2 kamskjell5. For pasienter med høy kirurgisk risiko tilbyr denne teknikken en minimalt invasiv tilnærming for behandling av alvorlige MR. Data fra flere registre og studier har vist at MitraClip-prosedyren, en transkateter mitralklaffreparasjonsterapi, er en effektiv og sikker metode6,7,8,9. I 2019 ble en lignende enhet, PASCAL transkateterventilreparasjonssystem, introdusert til markedet. Det har vist gjennomførbarhet og akseptabel sikkerhet i behandlingen av pasienter med alvorlig MR10. Varigheten og suksessen til PMVR avhenger av den enkelte operatørs ferdigheter og erfaring11. I motsetning til andre perkutane teknikker, som den perkutane transvalvulære erstatningen (TAVR), som bare kan gjøres med fluoroskopi, krever PMVR ekkokardiografisk veiledning12,13.

Denne artikkelen beskriver trinnvis ekkokardiografisk tilnærming under PMVR, inkludert målinger, forslag til intraprocedural kvantifisering av MR og viktige synspunkter for å forhindre periprocedural komplikasjoner.

Protocol

Protokollen følger retningslinjene i institusjonens forskningsetiske komité. 1. Evaluering før intervensjon Utelat perikard effusjon før transseptal punktering. Hvis en liten perikardiell effusjon er til stede, måler du det maksimale enddiastoliske ekkolucentrommet i en firekammers (4Ch) visning med fokus på høyre ventrikel (RV), en midt-øsofagal høyre ventrikkelinngangsvisning og en langakset (LAX) visning. Evaluer lunge venøst strømningsmønster med pulsbølged…

Representative Results

Perkutan kant-til-kant ventil reparasjon er et alternativ til kirurgisk ventil reparasjon eller erstatning hos pasienter som ikke er kvalifisert for kirurgi med symptomatisk alvorlig MR. Den første kliniske anvendelsen av MitraClip ble undersøkt i Endovascular Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair Study I (EVEREST I)14 studie. Mange andre studier har bevist effektiviteten av prosedyren med en forbedring av symptomer samt lave forekomster av sykehusdødelighet og bivirkninger (ACCESS EU, TRAMI, EVEREST II)<s…

Discussion

Ekkoveiledning for PMVR er en sikker metode. Komplikasjoner på grunn av ekkokardiografi kan oppstå, men fører sjelden til betydelig skade. Likevel er esophageal lesjoner mulig etter å ha utført transøsofageal ekkokardiografi. Denne forekomsten reduseres med kortere varighet av intervensjonen34. Tvert imot er flere komplikasjoner forbundet med transkateter kant-til-kant mitralklaffreparasjon beskrevet35,36. Store blødninger er den hy…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Vi takker Ms. Dorothea Scheurlen for teknisk videostøtte.

Materials

EPIQ 7 Ultrasound System Philips US218B0542 Cardiac Ultrasound Machine
X8-2t xMATRIX 3D-TEE probe Philips B34YYK TEE-probe
Sheath 6F 25 cm Merit Medical B60N25AQ Sheath
Dilator 16 F Abbott 405544 Dilator
BRK-1 transseptal needle 71 cm St. Jude Medical ABVA407201 Transseptal Needle
Swartz Lamp 90° St. Jude Medical 407356 Transseptal Guiding Introducer Sheath
Amplatz super stiff Kook Medical 46509 Wire
Steerable Guide Catheter Abbott SGC0302 Steerable Guide Catheter
MitraClip NTR Delivery System Abbott CDS0602-NTR Clip Delivery System
MitraClip NTR Bundle Abbott MSK0602-NTR Device

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Gatti, A., Krieger, K., Seidel, M., Röttgen, A., Bruch, L. A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair. J. Vis. Exp. (176), e62053, doi:10.3791/62053 (2021).

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