Summary

一种改良的兔动静脉瘘构建技术

Published: February 10, 2023
doi:

Summary

本议定书建议使用改进的非接触技术在兔子中创建动静脉瘘。该技术涉及颈总动脉和颈外静脉的左右吻合,而无需解剖静脉周围组织或切断动脉。

Abstract

吻合口狭窄是一个具有挑战性的问题,通常会导致不成熟并降低动静脉瘘 (AVF) 的通畅性。手术过程中静脉和动脉损伤和血流动力学变化可导致内膜增生,导致并联吻合口狭窄。为了减少手术过程中对静脉和动脉的损伤,本研究提出了一种新的改进的AVF构建非接触技术(MNTT),可以降低并列吻合口狭窄的发生率并改善AVF通畅性。为了揭示MNTT的血流动力学变化和机制,本研究提出了使用该技术的AVF程序。尽管该程序在技术上具有挑战性,但经过充分培训后,程序成功率为94.4%。最终,34 只兔子中有 13 只在手术后 4 周出现了功能性 AVF,导致 38.2% 的 AVF 通畅率。然而,在4周时,生存率为86.1%。超声检查显示通过AVF吻合口的活跃血流。此外,在吻合口附近的静脉和动脉中观察到螺旋层流,表明该技术可以改善AVF的血流动力学。组织学观察显示,AVF吻合口处未见明显的静脉内膜增生,而吻合口近端颈外静脉(EJV)未观察到显著的内膜增生。该技术将提高对使用MNTT进行AVF构建的机制的理解,并为AVF构建中手术方法的进一步优化提供技术支持。

Introduction

动静脉瘘 (AVF) 的构建在临床实践中广泛用于接受维持性血液透析 (MHD) 的患者,与动静脉移植 (AVG) 或隧道式囊导管 (TCC) 相比,它具有更高的通畅性和更少的并发症12。虽然AVF是血管通路的首选模式,但它并不完美,并且具有固有的局限性。1 年原发性 AVF 通畅率仅为 60%-65%,许多失败发生在近吻合口区域345

在传统的手术方法中,血管会经历不同程度的损伤,最终影响AVF的成熟。新的手术方式,例如Hörer等人提出的非接触技术(NTT)(补充图1)6和Sadaghianloo等人提出的桡动脉移位和再植入术(RADAR)78和Bai等人9,旨在降低并列吻合口狭窄的发生率并通过修改手术技术来改善瘘管通畅。虽然RADAR的效果优于NTT,但RADAR观察到流入动脉狭窄更为突出。为了进一步减少手术过程中对静脉和动脉的伤害,2021 年,提出了一种新的改进的无接触技术 (MNTT),通过保留头静脉周围的静脉组织而不切割桡动脉来创建放射性头颅 AVF(补充图 1 和补充图 2)。初步结果显示初级通畅性增加,吻合口狭窄减少,无动脉狭窄1011

考虑到目前缺乏使用MNTT的AVF动物模型,并进一步探索MNTT在AVF手术中的机制,本研究引入了使用MNTT的颈总动脉(CCA)-颈外静脉(EJV)AVF手术。

Protocol

使用实验动物的实验程序得到了南京医科大学实验动物福利伦理委员会的批准。本研究使用10个月大的新西兰兔子(男女;体重,3.18±0.24公斤)。这些动物是从商业来源获得的(见 材料表)。 1. 动物制备 将盐酸替他明和盐酸唑拉西泮(3mg/kg)混合静脉注射至耳边静脉,后肢肌肉肌内注射sumianxin II(0.02mL/kg)(见 材料表),麻醉兔…

Representative Results

该技术成功应用的结果是兔颈中的专利AVF。本研究采用以下标准来评价成功与否:(1)血管吻合完成后,可触摸AVF静脉震颤,可闻血管杂音;(2)AVF建立4周后,可通过彩色多普勒超声测量通过内瘘吻合口的活性血流;(3)AVF建立4周后,苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色显示AVF吻合处有明显的静脉内膜增生。 这项研究总共包括36只健康的新西兰兔子。总共有 34 只兔子使用 MNTT 立即获得了…

Discussion

目前,有几种动物模型可用于AVF。其中,猪、羊、狗多用作大型动物模型131415。使用的小动物模型包括兔子,大鼠和小鼠161718。本研究使用了新西兰兔。新西兰兔在EJV周围有丰富的静脉周围组织,有利于MNTT方法的研究。使用新西兰兔的优点包括手?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

本研究得到了苏州市科技计划项目(SYS2020077)、苏州高新区医疗卫生科技计划项目(2020z001)、苏州市科技发展计划项目-医疗健康科技创新项目(SYK2021030)、南京医科大学科技发展基金项目(NMUB20210253)、苏州市科技局基础研究应用项目的资助 (编号:SYSD2019205、编号:SYS2020119)、江苏省中医药科技发展计划项目(编号:MS2021098)、教育部产学合作办学项目(编号202102242003)、江苏省第六届“333高层次人才培养”项目、苏州市科技城医院2022年院级预研基金项目(SZKJCYY2022014)、苏州市“科教兴卫”青年科技项目 (KJXW2022086).

Materials

Animal Depilatory Fuzhou Feijing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. PH1877
Curved hemostatic forceps Xinhua Surgical Instrument Co., Ltd. ZH131R/RN
Dissecting forceps Xinhua Surgical Instrument Co., Ltd. ZDO25R/RN
electrical razor Shenbao Technology Co., Ltd PGC-660
Fixed Table Zhenhua Biomedical Instrument Co., Ltd ZH-DSB019
Halsey needleholder Xinhua Surgical Instrument Co., Ltd. ZM208R/RN
Heparin Dodium Injection Jiangsu Wanbang Biochemical Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. H32020612
Medical gauze dressing Nanchang Kangjie medical hygiene products Co., Ltd 20172640135
Micro forceops Xinhua Surgical Instrument Co., Ltd. ZD275RN/T
Micro needle holder forceps Xinhua Surgical Instrument Co., Ltd. ZF2618RB/T
Micro scissors Xinhua Surgical Instrument Co., Ltd. ZF022T
Non-silk sutures 4-0 Kollsut Medical Instrument Co., Ltd. NMB020RRCN26C075-1
Non-absorbable sutures 8-0 (double needle) Yangzhou Yuankang Medical Instrument Co., Ltd. 10299023602
Povidone iodine solution Shanghai Likang Disinfection High-tech Co., Ltd. 310512
Rinse needle Jiangsu Tonghui Medical Instrument Co., Ltd 20180039
scalpel handle Shanghai Medical Instrument (Group) Co., Ltd. Surgical Instruments Factory J11030
Sharp blade Suzhou Medical Products Factory Co., Ltd. TY21232001
Sodium Chloride Injection  (100 mL) Guangdong Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. B21K0904
Sugical Scissors Xinhua Surgical Instrument Co., Ltd. ZC120R/RN
Sumianxin II Jilin Dunhua Shengda Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 20180801
Syringe with needle(5 mL) BD medical devices (Shanghai) Co., Ltd 2006116
Tiletamine Hydrochloride and Zolazepam Hydrochloride for Injection Virbac Pet Health, France 83888204
Triangle needle Hangzhou Huawei medical supplies Co., Ltd 7X17
Vascular clamp Xinhua Surgical Instrument Co., Ltd. ZF220RN
New Zealand rabbits Suzhou Huqiao Biological Co., Ltd. SCXK2020-0001

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Zhen, L., Guocun, H., Xiaohe, W., Jingfang, H., Jie, L., Minggang, W. A Modified Technique for Arteriovenous Fistula Construction in Rabbits. J. Vis. Exp. (192), e64352, doi:10.3791/64352 (2023).

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