Name: Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice (Video) | JoVE Journal
Uploaded: 2017-09-05T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 20 s
Description: Learn optical trapping of micro-particles using nanoplasmonic optical lattices with enhanced efficiency. This method suppresses photothermal convection by utilizing water's unique thermal properties at low temperatures.

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5 minutes

Y. T. Y. would like to acknowledge funding support from the Ministry of Science and Technology under grant numbers MOST 105-2221-E-007-MY3 and from the National Tsing Hua University under grant numbers 105N518CE1 and 106N518CE1.

1. Optical Setup
Note: The principle of the optical setup is illustrated in Figure 1.
<ol>
	<li>Set up the optical tweezer kit (see the Table of Materials) and the fluorescence module (see Table of Materials) as per their manuals. Connect a 470 nm blue light emitting diode (LED) light source to the fluorescent module.</li>
	<li>Replace the high numerical aperture (NA) (NA= 1.25, magnification 100x) oil immersion objective by a long working distance (WD) microscope objective (focal length 3.6 mm, WD=10.6 mm, NA=0.5).</li>
	<li>Remove the lens in the beam expansion section of the assembled kit to achieve loose focusing of the laser beam.</li>
	<li>Turn on the power supply and the current for the laser diode of wavelength 980 nm and use the charged coupled device (CCD) camera to make sure the laser beam is aligned properly. 
	NOTE: If the laser beam is well-aligned, the CCD camera will read a Gaussian spot.</li>
</ol>
2. Nanofabrication
<ol>
	<li>Marker Fabrication. 
	NOTE: Markers will help to position the nanoplasmonic array during the fabrication process and subsequent trapping experiment. The detailed process is illustrated in Supplementary Figure 1.
	<ol>
		<li>Deposit 40 nm indium tin oxide (ITO) film on a coverslip of thickness 0.17 mm with sputtering. 
		NOTE: The ITO film will help discharge electrons during the subsequent e-beam lithography process.</li>
		<li>Spin coat an 8 &#181;m layer of positive photoresist with spin speed 4000 rpm and time 30 s with a spin coater.</li>
		<li>Soft bake the sample at 90 &#176;C for 5 min and align the sample with the photomask for marker and expose the sample to UV light for 80 s in the mask aligner.</li>
		<li>Soak the sample in the photoresist developer for 130 s.</li>
		<li>Deposit a 2 nm layer of chromium and a 40 nm layer of gold onto the sample using thermal evaporation.18</li>
		<li>Soak the sample in acetone and place it in an ultrasonic cleaner operating at 43 kHz and 150 W for 5 min for lift off.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Fabrication of Nanoplasmonic Array
	<ol>
		<li>Spin coat a layer of e-beam resist PMMA 120K with spin speed 5000 rpm for 30 s on a spin coater. Bake the sample at 160 &#176;C for 3 min on a hot plate.</li>
		<li>Spin coat another layer of e-beam resist PMMA 960K with spin speed 5000 rpm for 30 s on a spin coater. Bake the sample at 160 &#176;C for 3 min on a hot plate.</li>
		<li>Use e-beam writer to expose the e-beam resist with acceleration voltage 30 kV and dosage 400 C/cm2.</li>
		<li>Deposit a 40 nm layer of gold in a thermal evaporator.</li>
		<li>Soak the sample in acetone and place it in an ultrasonic cleaner for 5 min for lift off.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
3. Sample cooling system and its temperature calibration
NOTE: The sample cooling stage design is shown in Supplementary Figure 2.
<ol>
	<li>Making the driver circuit for sample cooling
	<ol>
		<li>Place the resistors, bipolar junction transistors, and power metal oxide field effect transistors on the custom circuit board by following the circuit diagram in Supplementary Figure 3. Solder all these components with soldering iron.</li>
		<li>Connect wires between the control port of the circuit board and the electronic control board. Connect the wires between the output port of the circuit board and thermoelectrical cooling (TEC) element. Place the TEC element on the sample stage with heat sinking. 
		&#8203;NOTE: The TEC element has a hole in the center to allow the laser beam to go through.</li>
		<li>Connect wires from the circuit board to 5 V power supply. Use the forward-looking infrared camera to monitor the temperature to check if the thermoelectrical cooling is properly cooling down.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>Calibration of measured temperature in the forward-looking infrared camera and resistance temperature detector (RTD) thermometer.
	<ol>
		<li>Place the RTD thermometer on a blank coverslip and apply a small amount of thermal paste onto it to ensure proper thermal contact between the RTD thermometer and coverslip.</li>
		<li>Change the output power setting of the electronic control circuit to TEC element by changing the duty cycle of pulse width modulation setting and wait for 3 min to make sure the steady state temperature is reached. Read the temperature using the RTD thermometer.</li>
		<li>Turn on the forward looking infrared camera and monitor the temperature. Repeat this at various output power settings to obtain the temperature calibration curve. A representative temperature calibration curve is shown in Supplementary Figure 4. 
		NOTE: It is crucial to do calibration between RTD thermometer and the forward looking infrared camera because the temperature reading of the forward-looking infrared camera must be accurate to ensure the correct temperature is reached.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
4. Trapping of Microparticles
<ol>
	<li>Dilute micro polystyrene particles of diameter 2 &#181;m in deionized water in a microcentrifugetube with proper volume ratio. 
	NOTE: The concentration of micro particles can be adjusted according to the objective of the experiment. While lower concentration allows a sample time interval between single particle trapping events, higher concentration will shorten the time for multiple particle trapping. For single particle trapping, a typical concentration is ~0.05% (w/v).</li>
	<li>Put the sample with nanoplasmonic array on the stage and turn on a 470 nm LED as the fluorescence light source and manually set the power to 5 mW for bright field imaging.</li>
	<li>Use the marker to locate the nanoplasmonic array, align the sample, and use the CCD camera to make sure the array is in the center of the region of interest on the computer screen.</li>
	<li>Dispense 10 &#181;L of the diluted micro particles of diameter 2 &#181;m on the sample with a micro pipette.</li>
	<li>Turn on the current supply to the laser diode of wavelength 980 nm to excite the plasmonic resonance of the array with a power in the range ~1 mW to 10 mW.</li>
	<li>Manually turn on the power supply to the electronic control board to cool down the sample to a steady state temperature ~4 &#176;C.</li>
	<li>In the viewer software, click the &#34;record video&#34; sequence to open the recording dialog. Click the &#34;record&#34; button to start the video recording 1.5 of the motion of the micro particles at a frame rate of 10 frames/s over the sample under the influence of laser beam using the CCD camera. Click the &#34;stop&#34; button to stop the recording. See Video 1.</li>
</ol>

<ol><li>Ashkin, A., Dziedzic, J. M., Bjorkholm, J. E., Chu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Observation+of+a+single-beam+gradient+force+optical+trap+for+dielectric+particles%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Opt.Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles.</a> Opt.Lett. 11, 288-290 (1986).</li>
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<li>Yang, A. H. J., Moore, S. D., Schmit, B. S., Klug, M., Lipson, M., Erickson, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Optical+Manipulation+of+nanoparticles+and+biomolecules+in+sub-wavelength+slot+waveguides%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nature%22%5BJournal%5D)">Optical Manipulation of nanoparticles and biomolecules in sub-wavelength slot waveguides.</a> Nature. 457, 71-75 (2009).</li>
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<li>Mandal, S., Serey, X., Erickson, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Nanomanipulation+using+silicon+photonic+crystal+resonators%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nano+Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">Nanomanipulation using silicon photonic crystal resonators.</a> Nano Lett. 2010 (10), 99-104 (2010).</li>
<li>Lin, S., Crozier, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Planar+silicon+microrings+as+wavelength-+multiplexed+optical+traps+for+storing+and+sensing+particles%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Lab+Chip%22%5BJournal%5D)">Planar silicon microrings as wavelength- multiplexed optical traps for storing and sensing particles.</a> Lab Chip. 11, 4047-4051 (2011).</li>
<li>Juan, M. L., Righini, M., Quidant, M., R, Plasmonic nano optical tweezers. Nat. Photon. 5, 349-356 (2011).</li>
<li>Huang, J. S., Yang, Y. -T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/5/2/1048">The origin and future of plasmonic optical tweezer.</a> Nanomaterials. 5, 1048-1065 (2015).</li>
<li>Pang, Y., Gordon, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl203719v">Optical trapping of single protein.</a> Nano Lett. 12, 402-406 (2012).</li>
<li>Chen, K. Y., Lee, A. T., Hung, C. C., Huang, J. S., Yang, Y. -T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Transport+and+trapping+in+two-dimensional+nanoscale+plasmonic+optical+lattice%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nano+Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">Transport and trapping in two-dimensional nanoscale plasmonic optical lattice.</a> Nano Lett. 13, 4118-4122 (2013).</li>
<li>Cuche, A., Stein, B., Canguier-Durand, A., Devaux, E., Genet, C., Ebbesen, T. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Brownian+motion+in+a+designer+force+field%3A+Dynamical+effects+of+negative+refraction+on+nanoparticles%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nano+Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">Brownian motion in a designer force field: Dynamical effects of negative refraction on nanoparticles.</a> Nano Lett. 12, 4329-4332 (2012).</li>
<li>Baffou, G., Berto, P., Urena, E. B., Quidant, R., Monnert, S. J., Polleux, J., Righeault, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Photoinduced+heating+of+nanoparticle+arrays%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22ACS+Nano%22%5BJournal%5D)">Photoinduced heating of nanoparticle arrays.</a> ACS Nano. 8, 6478-6488 (2013).</li>
<li>Roxworthy, B. J., Bhuiya, A. M., Vanka, S. P., Toussant, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Understanding+and+controlling+plasmon-induced+convection%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat.+Commun%22%5BJournal%5D)">Understanding and controlling plasmon-induced convection.</a> Nat. Commun. 5, (2014).</li>
<li>Yang, T. P., Yossifon, G., Yang, Y. -T. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4871010/">Characterization of the near-field and convectional transport behavior of micro and nano particles in nanoscale plasmonic optical lattice.</a> Biomicrofluidics. 10, 034102(2016).</li>
<li>Chen, Y. -C., Yossifon, G., Yang, Y. -T. <a target="_blank" href="http://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/1.4967882?journalCode=apl">Supression of phtothermal convection of micro particles in two dimensional nanoplamonic optical lattice.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 201111(2016).</li>
<li>Smith, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=author%3aSmith%2C+D+%22Thin+film+deposition%3A+principles+and+practice%22">Thin film deposition: principles and practice</a>. , McGraw-Hill Education. New York, New York. (1995).</li>
<li>Zehtabi-Oskuie, A., Bergeron, J. G., Gordon, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Flow-dependent+double-nanohole+optical+trapping+of+20+nm+polystyrene+nanospheres%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Sci.+Rep%22%5BJournal%5D)">Flow-dependent double-nanohole optical trapping of 20 nm polystyrene nanospheres.</a> Sci. Rep. 2, 966(2012).</li>
<li>Zhang, W., Huang, L., Santschi, C., Martin, O. J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Trapping+and+sensing+10+nm+metal+nanoparticles+using+plasmonic+dipole+antennas%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nano+Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">Trapping and sensing 10 nm metal nanoparticles using plasmonic dipole antennas.</a> Nano Lett. 10, 1006-1011 (2010).</li>
<li>Pang, Y., Gordon, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Optical+trapping+of+12+nm+dielectric+spheres+using+double-nanoholes+in+a+gold+film%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nano+Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">Optical trapping of 12 nm dielectric spheres using double-nanoholes in a gold film.</a> Nano Lett. 2011 (11), 3763-3767 (2011).</li>
</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

The procedure described here enables the reader to reliably reproduce trapping on a daily basis. A general empirical guideline to design a usable optical lattice is to use a comparable size for plasmonic nanoarray, interdisc distance, and trapped particle size. Compared to a single, isolated plasmonic nanostructure, the optical lattice design in conjunction with the high optical power afforded by cooling the sample to ~4 &#176;C used here greatly enhances the trapping probability. If well separated, plasmonic nanostructu...

The optical trapping of micro-scale particles was originally developed by Arthur Askin in the early 1970s. Ever since its invention, the technique has been developed as a versatile tool for micro- and nanomanipulation1,2. Conventional optical trapping based on the far-field focusing principle is inherently limited by the diffraction in its spatial confinement, wherein the trapping force decreases dramatically (following an ~a3 law for a particle of radius a)3. To overcome such diffraction limits, researchers have developed near-field optical trapping techniques based on the evanescent optical field using plasmonic metallic nanostructures and, furthermore, the trapping of nanoscale objects down to single protein molecules has been demonstrated4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11. Moreover, the plasmonic optical lattice is created from arrays of periodic plasmonic nanostructures to confer long range transport of micro- and nanoparticles and multiple particle stacking11,12. One major obstacle to disrupt trapping in an optical lattice is photothermal convection and efforts have been made to elucidate its effects by several groups14,15,16,17. Using Green&#39;s function, Baffou et al. have calculated a temperature profile by modeling each plasmonic nanostructure as a point heater and then experimentally validated their model14. Toussant&#39;s group has also measured the plasmon-induced convection with particle velocimetry15. The author&#39;s group has also characterized both near-field and convectional transport and demonstrated an engineering strategy to suppress photothermal convection16,17.
Here we present the design of an optical setup and a detailed procedure specifically for trapping experiments with plasmonic optical lattice. The optical potential was created by illuminating an array of gold nanodiscs with a loosely focused Gaussian beam. A scheme to suppress the photothermal convection by cooling down the sample to a low temperature (~4 &#176;C) for optimal trapping is also describe here17. Under Boussinesq approximation, an order of magnitude estimate for the natural convection velocity u is given by u ~L2 g&#946;&#916;T / v, where L is the length scale of the heat source and &#916;T is the temperature increase relative to the reference due to the heating. &#160;g and &#946;&#160;are the gravitational acceleration and thermal expansion coefficient, respectively. At temperatures near 4 &#176;C, the density of the water medium exhibits anomalous temperature dependence and this translates into a near-zero thermal expansion coefficient and, therefore, a vanishingly small photothermal convection.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Thermoelectric cooling element</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>TEC 1.4-6</td><td>TEC element for sample cooling</td></tr><tr><td>RTD thermometer</td><td>Omega Engineering</td><td>RTD Thermometer 969C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forward looking infrared camera</td><td>FLIR&amp;nbsp;</td><td>FLIR One</td><td>IR camera for temperature monitoring</td></tr><tr><td>light emitting diode light source</td><td>Touchbright</td><td></td><td>Light source for illumination for fluorescent imaging</td></tr><tr><td>Long working distance objective</td><td>Olympus</td><td>LMPLFLN</td><td>For illuminating the sample and imaging</td></tr><tr><td>Optical trap kit</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>OTKB/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cover slip</td><td></td><td></td><td>thickness 0.17 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Scanning electron microscope</td><td>Hitachi</td><td>SEM-Hitachi S3400N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electron beam blanker</td><td>DEBEN</td><td>PCD beam blanker</td><td>the blanker is added to the scanning electron microscope&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Thermal evaporator</td><td>SYSKEY Technology</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mask aligner</td><td>Karl Suss</td><td>MJB 3</td><td>For marker fabrication</td></tr><tr><td>Electron beam resist</td><td>Sigma Alrich</td><td>PMMA 120K</td><td>For e-beam lithography</td></tr><tr><td>Electron beam resist</td><td>Sigma Alrich</td><td>PMMA 960K</td><td>For e-beam lithography</td></tr><tr><td>Fluoresent labeled polystyrene microspheres</td><td>Polyscience</td><td></td><td>2 um diameter</td></tr><tr><td>Bipolar transistor</td><td>Mouser</td><td>2N3904</td><td>quantity 2 for TEC driver circuit</td></tr><tr><td>Bipolar transistor</td><td>Mouser</td><td>2N3906</td><td>quantity 2 for TEC driver circuit</td></tr><tr><td>MOSFET power transistor</td><td>Mouser</td><td>IRF5305</td><td>quantity 2 for TEC driver circuit</td></tr><tr><td>MOSFET power transistor</td><td>Mouser</td><td>IRF131ON</td><td>quantity 2 for TEC driver circuit</td></tr><tr><td>10 kOhm resistor</td><td>Mouser</td><td></td><td>quantity 6 for TEC driver circuit</td></tr><tr><td>910 Ohm resistor</td><td>Mouser</td><td></td><td>quantity 2 for TEC driver circuit</td></tr><tr><td>Photoresist</td><td>Microchemicals</td><td>AZ4620</td><td>For marker fabrication</td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Sigma Alrich</td><td></td><td>For marker fabrication</td></tr><tr><td>Fluorescence Module for the OTKB/M, Metric Threads</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>OTKB-FL/M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fluorescent filter set</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>MDF-FITC</td><td>For Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)</td></tr><tr><td>Ultrasonic cleaner</td><td>Delta</td><td>DC150H</td><td>For the lift off step</td></tr></tbody></table>

trapping of micro particles in nanoplasmonic optical lattice

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice

The plasmonic optical tweezer has been developed to overcome the diffraction limits of the conventional far field optical tweezer. Plasmonic optical lattice consists of an array of nanostructures, which exhibit a variety of trapping and transport behaviors. We report the experimental procedures to trap micro-particles in a simple square nanoplasmonic optical lattice. We also describe the optical setup and the nanofabrication of a nanoplasmonic array. The optical potential is created by illuminating an array of gold nanodiscs with a Gaussian beam of 980 nm wavelength, and exciting plasmon resonance. The motion of particles is monitored by fluorescence imaging. A scheme to suppress photothermal convection is also described to increase usable optical power for optimal trapping. Suppression of convection is achieved by cooling the sample to a low temperature, and utilizing the near-zero thermal expansion coefficient of a water medium. Both single particle transport and multiple particle trapping are reported here.

Single particle trajectories were recorded by a CCD camera in our experiment and the images were then processed with a custom program to extract each particle's trajectory16. Representative results are displayed in Figure 3 and Video 1 for micro-spheres with diameters of 2 µm. Multiple particle trappings inside the optical lattice were observed. Successive images extracted from a representative motion video of the part...

We describe a procedure to optically trap micro-particles in nanoplasmonic optical lattice.

The plasmonic optical tweezer has been developed to overcome the diffraction limits of the conventional far field optical tweezer. Plasmonic optical ...

The overall goal of this experiment is to demonstrate how to trap microparticles with plasmonic optical lattices with a technique that suppresses photothermal convection. The main feature of this technique is that we use the array of plasmonic nanostructures to enhance the trapping efficiency. Also we use a unique brewing property of water, 0%thermal expansion coefficient at low temperature to suppress the photothermal convection.Demonstrating this procedure will be Dinesh Bhalothia, a grad student from my laboratory. The setup for the experiment builds on a optical tweezer kit. This modified optical tweezer kit with a florescence module is ready on a breadboard.An LED and a diode laser provide light for florescence and manipulation. Mirrors direct light through an objective lens. The objective focuses the light on a sample stage which also serves as a heat sink.A CCD camera captures images from the sample. These elements are more evident in this schematic. A 470 nanometer blue LED is the light source for the florescence module.A 980 nanometer laser diode provides laser light in loose focus for manipulation. The lens is a long working distance microscope objective. Activity on the sample stage is recorded by a CCD camera.Turn on the power supply and current for the 980 nanometer laser diode. Use the CCD camera to check the laser beam alignment. If the beam is well aligned, the camera image will be a Gaussian spot.Turn off the laser for the next steps. An important aspect of the setup is the cooling system. The sample stage is a heat sink designed to accommodate a thermoelectric cooler.Work with the system electronics to prepare to add the thermoelectric cooler. There is a custom driver circuit for this experiment. Make the connections between the driver circuit and the electronic control board.Next, get a thermoelectric cooling element that will fit in the sample stage and with a hole in it to allow the laser beam through. Connect the output of the driver circuit to the thermoelectric cooling element. Move the cooling element to the sample stage.Before continuing, connect the driver circuit to a five volt power supply. To monitor the temperature, use a forward-looking infrared camera, and check that the system is cooling properly before proceeding. For this, use a resistance thermometer unit and its sensor.Begin with the sensor on a glass cover slip. Transfer the sensor and cover slip to the sample stage. Apply a small amount of thermal paste to ensure thermal contact.There, put the the assembly in contact with the stage. At the controls, adjust the power to the thermoelectric cooling element. After three minutes, read the temperature using the resistance temperature detector thermometer.In addition, record the temperature with the forward-looking infrared camera. Repeat these two measurements at various output power settings to obtain a temperature calibration curve similar to this one. Calibration is essential.Before proceeding, shut off the power to the thermoelectric cooler. The final element of the setup is the nanoplasmonic array. The slide cover has a custom fabricated array and is ready to mount in the experiment.This scanning electron microscope image of the array provides more detail. It is an array of about 16 micrometers square of 22 by 22 gold nanodiscs. Each nanodisc has a thickness of 40 nanometers and a diameter of 550 nanometers.The center to center distance between discs is 750 nanometers. Put the slide cover with the nanoplasmonic array on the sample stage. It should be in contact with the thermoelectric cooler.Next, set up the light source. Turn on the florescent light source, and set the power to five milliwatts for bright field imaging. Monitor the CCD image while manipulating the slide.Use the marker on the slide to locate and align the array. Make sure the array is in the center of the region of interest on the computer screen. Now, turn to the sample for the experiment.It is a mixture of two micrometer diameter polystyrene particles in deionized water. Use a micropipette to dispense 10 microliters onto the nanoarray slide. Move to the current supply of the 980 nanometer laser diode.Turn it on to excite the plasmonic resonance of the array. Then work with the power supply for the cooling system to achieve a temperature of four degrees Celsius. Finally, start recording video of the microparticles with the CCD camera.This is an example of the video recorded during an experiment with two micrometer polystyrene spheres. The optical power of the 980 nanometer wavelength laser used for plasmonic resonance excitation is five milliwatts. Note the particles cluster in a hexagonal, close-packed structure.These still images are of the accumulated trapped microparticles over time. Again, the hexagonal close-pack structure is clear. Images such as these can provide data to produce a plot of the number of trapped microparticles as a function of time.These five colored curves are examples of microparticle trajectories that can be extracted from the recorded video using image processing techniques, and the centroid algothrithm. The scale bar represents two micrometers. The procedure reported here enables a researcher to reproduce trapping on a daily basis.While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to use the infrared camera to monitor the sample temperature to avoid the sample breakage. After its development, this technique pave the way for researchers in the field of optical trapping to study a larger class of transport phenomena in plasmonic optical lattice. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to do the optical trapping with the plasmonic optical lattice,

trapping-of-micro-particles-in-nanoplasmonic-optical-lattice

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

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Plasmonic nanotweezers use localized surface plasmon resonance in gold nanostructures to trap single nanoparticles, including proteins, within a nanometer-scale optical field. Changes in the scattered signal reveal protein presence and conformational dynamics, enabling monitoring without fluorophore modifications or surface tethering.

Monitoring Conformational Dynamics of Single Unmodified Proteins using Plasmonic Nanotweezers

This paper describes the experimental method for achieving long-duration, stable trapping and precise positioning of large metallic particles in air using a dynamic, boat-shaped photophoretic trap. This system enables controlled manipulation that is suitable for plasmonic interaction studies.

Optically Trapping Large Metallic Particles in Air Using a &#39;Boat&#39; Trap with Direct-Drawn Sidewalls

Learn optical trapping of micro-particles using nanoplasmonic optical lattices with enhanced efficiency. This method suppresses photothermal convection by utilizing water's unique thermal properties at low temperatures.

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice

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