Tokyo Metropolitan University 3 articles published in JoVE Environment Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O Megumi Kuroiwa1, Keitaro Fukushima2,3, Kazuma Hashimoto2, Yukiko Senga4, Tsubasa Sato4, Chie Katsuyama5, Yuichi Suwa1 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 2Faculty & Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 3Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 5Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University A series of methods to determine the potential DNRA rate based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ analyses is provided in detail. NH4+ is converted into N2O via several steps and analyzed using quadrupole gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Engineering Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere Naoto Kakuta1, Keisuke Nishijima1, Van Cuong Han1, Yuki Arakawa1, Katsuya Kondo2, Yukio Yamada3 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 2Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tottori University, 3Brain Science Inspired Life Support Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications A technique utilizing wavelengths of 1150 and 1412 nm to measure the temperature of water surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented. Biology Using a Whole-mount Immunohistochemical Method to Study the Innervation of the Biliary Tract in Suncus murinus Ke Ren1, Yidan Dai1, Kai Yi2, Masanobu Kinoshita1, Masahiro Itoh2, Ichiro Sakata3, Takafumi Sakai3, Shuang-Qin Yi1 1Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 2Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 3Area of Regulatory Biology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University A whole-mount immunohistochemical approach, to visualize neurofilament protein expression in the extrahepatic biliary tract in Suncus murinus. is presented here. This protocol can be used to analyze the innervation of all visceral organs in S. murinus or other species.