Universitat de Barcelona 1 article published in JoVE Neuroscience Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis Marina Cunquero1, Esther Aguilar2, Pablo Loza-Alvarez1, Jesús Planagumà1,2 1ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 2Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona Autoimmune encephalitis is a new category of antibody-mediated diseases of the central nervous system. Hippocampal neurons can be used to discover and characterize these antibodies. This article provides a protocol for primary cell culture and immunostaining to determine autoantibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients.