Sgd Health Innovation 1 article published in JoVE Biology Production of Double-stranded DNA Ministrings Shirley Wong1, Peggy Lam1, Nafiseh Nafissi1, Steven Denniss2, Roderick Slavcev1 1School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 2Sgd Health Innovation The linear covalently closed (LCC) DNA minivector (DNA ministring) is a non-viral gene delivery vector offering high transfection efficiency and is relevant to any DNA delivery application. The production system is simple, rapid, and scalable in vivo. The following protocol provides visual step-by-step instructions for the production of DNA ministrings.