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Chapter 3
Motion Along a Straight Line

Position and Displacement
The position of an object defines its location relative to a convenient frame of reference at any particular time. A frame of reference is an…
Average Velocity
To calculate the other physical quantities in kinematics, we must introduce the time variable. The time variable allows us not only to state the…
Instantaneous Velocity - I
The average velocity during a time interval cannot tell us how fast or in what direction a particle is moving at any given time during the interval.…
Instantaneous Velocity - II
Instantaneous velocity is the quantity that measures how fast an object is moving along its path. In other words, the instantaneous velocity of an…
Average Acceleration
The importance of understanding acceleration spans our day-to-day experiences, as well as the vast reaches of outer space and the tiny world of…
Instantaneous Acceleration
Acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity, but it is not always in the direction of motion. When an object slows down, its…
Kinematic Equations - I
When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations…
Kinematic Equations - II
The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial…
Kinematic Equations - III
The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final…
Kinematic Equations: Problem Solving
When analyzing one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration, the problem-solving strategy involves identifying the known quantities and choosing…
Free-falling Bodies: Introduction
All objects, neglecting air resistance, fall with the same acceleration towards the Earth's center due to the force exerted by the Earth's…
Free-falling Bodies: Example
An object falling without any air resistance under the influence of gravitational force is said to be in free-fall. For free-falling bodies, the…
Velocity and Position by Graphical Method
Velocity and position can be calculated from the known function of acceleration as a function of time. The total area under the acceleration-time…
Velocity and Position by Integral Method
If acceleration as a function of time is known, then velocity and position functions can be derived using integral calculus. For constant…
Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior
For slender and lightweight structures, vibration serviceability is a matter of growing concern, often constituting the critical design requirement.…
A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings
Long-distance displacement measurements using optical fibers have always been a challenge in both basic research and industrial production. We…
Characterization of Thermal Transport in One-dimensional Solid Materials
The TET (transient electro-thermal) technique is an effective approach developed to measure the thermal diffusivity of solid materials, including…

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