Light-Induced GFP Expression in Zebrafish Embryos using the Optogenetic TAEL/C120 System

Summary

Optogenetics is a powerful tool with wide-ranging applications. This protocol demonstrates how to achieve light-inducible gene expression in zebrafish embryos using the blue light-responsive TAEL/C120 system.

Abstract

Inducible gene expression systems are an invaluable tool for studying biological processes. Optogenetic expression systems can provide precise control over gene expression timing, location, and amplitude using light as the inducing agent. In this protocol, an optogenetic expression system is used to achieve light-inducible gene expression in zebrafish embryos. This system relies on an engineered transcription factor called TAEL based on a naturally occurring light-activated transcription factor from the bacterium E. litoralis. When illuminated with blue light, TAEL dimerizes, binds to its cognate regulatory element called C120, and activates transcription. This protocol uses transgenic zebrafish embryos that express the TAEL transcription factor under the control of the ubiquitous ubb promoter. At the same time, the C120 regulatory element drives the expression of a fluorescent reporter gene (GFP). Using a simple LED panel to deliver activating blue light, induction of GFP expression can first be detected after 30 min of illumination and reaches a peak of more than 130-fold induction after 3 h of light treatment. Expression induction can be assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and by fluorescence microscopy. This method is a versatile and easy-to-use approach for optogenetic gene expression.

Introduction

Inducible gene expression systems help control the amount, timing, and location of gene expression. However, achieving exact spatial and temporal control in multicellular organisms has been challenging. Temporal control is most commonly achieved by adding small-molecule compounds¹ or activation of heat shock promoters². Still, both approaches are vulnerable to issues of timing, induction strength, and off-target stress responses. Spatial control is mainly achieved by the use of tissue-specific promoters³, but this approach requires a suitable promoter or regulatory element, which are not always av....

Protocol

This study was performed with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the University of California Merced.

1. Zebrafish crossing and embryo collection

1. Maintain separate transgenic zebrafish lines containing either the TAEL transcriptional activator or the C120-controlled reporter gene to minimize spurious activation.
2. Cross 6-8 adult zebrafish from each line using standard methods⁹ to produce double transgenic embryos that contain both the TAEL and C120 components (Figure 1B).
   NOTE: Alternatively, both components can be expre....

Results

For this demonstration, a C120-responsive GFP reporter line (Tg(C120F:GFP)^ucm107)) was crossed with a transgenic line that expresses TAEL-N ubiquitously from the ubiquitin b (ubb) promoter (Tg(ubb:TAEL-N)^ucm113)) to produce double transgenic embryos containing both elements. 24 h post-fertilization, the embryos were exposed to activating the blue light, pulsed at a frequency of 1 h on/1 h off. Induction of GFP expression was quantified by qRT-PCR at 30 min, 1 h, 3.......

Discussion

This protocol describes the use of the optogenetic TAEL/C120 system to achieve blue light-inducible gene expression. This system consists of a transcriptional activator, TAEL, that dimerizes upon illumination with blue light and activates transcription of a gene of interest downstream of a C120 regulatory element. Induced expression of a GFP reporter can be detected after as little as 30 min of light exposure, suggesting that this approach possesses relatively fast and responsive kinetics.

Sev.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
BioRender web-based science illustration tool	BioRender		https://biorender.com/
Color CCD digital camera	Lumenara	755-107
Compact Power and Energy Meter Console, Digital 4" LCD	Thorlabs	PM100D
Excitation filter, 545 nm	Olympus	ET545/25x
illustra RNAspin Mini kit	GE Healthcare	95017-491
Instant Ocean Sea Salt	Instant Ocean	SS15-10
MARS AQUA Dimmable 165 W LED Aquarium light (blue and white)	Amazon	B017GWDF7E
Methylcellulose	Sigma-Aldrich	M7140
NEARPOW Programmable digital timer switch	Amazon	B01G6O28NA
PerfeCTa SYBR green fast mix	Quantabio	101414-286
Photoshop image procesing software	Adobe
Prism graphing and statistics software	GraphPad
qScript XLT cDNA SuperMix	Quantabio	10142-786
QuantStudio 3 Real-Time PCR System	Applied Biosystems	A28137
Stereomicroscope	Olympus	SZX16
Tricaine (Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate)	Sigma-Aldrich	E10521
X-Cite 120 Fluorescence LED light source	Excelitas	010-00326R	Discontinued. It has been replaced with the X-Cite mini+