Lars Kaestner Experimental Physics Saarland University Biography Publications Institution JoVE Articles Lars Kaestner has not added a biography. If you are Lars Kaestner and would like to personalize this page please email our Author Liaison for assistance. Publications Red Blood Cell Lingering Modulates Hematocrit Distribution in the Microcirculation Biophysical Journal. Mar, 2023 | Pubmed ID: 36932676 Evidence of In vivo Exogen Protein Uptake by Red Blood Cells: A putative Therapeutic Concept Blood Advances. Mar, 2023 | Pubmed ID: 36490356 Editorial: Images from Red Cell Frontiers in Physiology. 2022 | Pubmed ID: 36714320 Editorial: Comparative Biology of Red Blood Cells Frontiers in Physiology. 2022 | Pubmed ID: 36589422 Cross-talk Between Red Blood Cells and Plasma Influences Blood Flow and Omics Phenotypes in Severe COVID-19 ELife. Dec, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 36537079 Hemoglobin is an Oxygen-dependent Glutathione Buffer Adapting the Intracellular Reduced Glutathione Levels to Oxygen Availability Redox Biology. Dec, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 36413919 Commentary: Acanthocytes Identified in Huntington's Disease Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2022 | Pubmed ID: 36408380 Editorial: Insights in Red Blood Cell Physiology: 2021 Frontiers in Physiology. 2022 | Pubmed ID: 36117690 Space Anemia Unexplained: Red Blood Cells Seem to Be Space-proof American Journal of Hematology. Oct, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35836385 Artificial Intelligence: Training the Trainer British Journal of Haematology. Sep, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35822904 Erysense, a Lab-on-a-Chip-Based Point-of-Care Device to Evaluate Red Blood Cell Flow Properties With Multiple Clinical Applications Frontiers in Physiology. 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35574449 Continuous Percoll Gradient Centrifugation of Erythrocytes-Explanation of Cellular Bands and Compromised Age Separation Cells. Apr, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35455975 Changes in Blood Cell Deformability in Chorea-Acanthocytosis and Effects of Treatment With Dasatinib or Lithium Frontiers in Physiology. 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35444561 The Relation Between Extracellular Vesicles Released From Red Blood Cells, Their Cargo, and the Clearance by Macrophages Frontiers in Physiology. 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35432007 In Vitro Erythropoiesis at Different PO Induces Adaptations That Are Independent of Prior Systemic Exposure to Hypoxia Cells. Mar, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35406648 Erythrocyte Sedimentation: Effect of Aggregation Energy on Gel Structure During Collapse Physical Review. E. Feb, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35291110 Erythrocyte Sedimentation: Collapse of a High-Volume-Fraction Soft-Particle Gel Physical Review Letters. Feb, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35275655 Transient Receptor Potential Channel Vanilloid Type 2 in Red Cells of Cannabis Consumer American Journal of Hematology. May, 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35179248 The Function of Ion Channels and Membrane Potential in Red Blood Cells: Toward a Systematic Analysis of the Erythroid Channelome Frontiers in Physiology. 2022 | Pubmed ID: 35177994 Imaging Erythrocyte Sedimentation in Whole Blood Frontiers in Physiology. 2021 | Pubmed ID: 35153805 Mechanistic Ion Channel Interactions in Red Cells of Patients with Gárdos Channelopathy Blood Advances. Sep, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 34468723 Of Mice and Men : How to Achieve a Better Life with Lower Total Hb Mass After Returning from Hypoxia to Normoxia. (response to Song and Colleagues) Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England). Nov, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 34292651 "So is Science …" : No Evidence for Neocytolysis on Descending the Mountains (Response to Rice and Gunga) Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England). Nov, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 34197698 Rare Anemias: Are Their Names Just Smoke and Mirrors? Frontiers in Physiology. 2021 | Pubmed ID: 34177628 The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 2 (TRPV2) Channel-A New Druggable Ca Pathway in Red Cells, Implications for Red Cell Ion Homeostasis Frontiers in Physiology. 2021 | Pubmed ID: 34177620 The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Its Relation to Cell Shape and Rigidity of Red Blood Cells from Chorea-Acanthocytosis Patients in an Off-Label Treatment with Dasatinib Biomolecules. May, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 34066168 Red Blood Cell Phenotyping from 3D Confocal Images Using Artificial Neural Networks PLoS Computational Biology. May, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 33983926 Acanthocyte Sedimentation Rate As a Diagnostic Biomarker for Neuroacanthocytosis Syndromes: Experimental Evidence and Physical Justification Cells. Apr, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 33918219 Absence of Neocytolysis in Humans Returning from a 3-week High-altitude Sojourn Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England). Jul, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 33729672 Lysophosphatidic Acid-Activated Calcium Signaling Is Elevated in Red Cells from Sickle Cell Disease Patients Cells. Feb, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 33672679 Mechanical Stress Induces Ca-Dependent Signal Transduction in Erythroblasts and Modulates Erythropoiesis International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Jan, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 33478008 Lingering Dynamics in Microvascular Blood Flow Biophysical Journal. Feb, 2021 | Pubmed ID: 33359171 A Pilot Clinical Phase II Trial MemSID: Acute and Durable Changes of Red Blood Cells of Sickle Cell Disease Patients on Memantine Treatment EJHaem. Jul, 2020 | Pubmed ID: 35847705 Gardos Channelopathy: Functional Analysis of a Novel KCNN4 Variant Blood Advances. Dec, 2020 | Pubmed ID: 33351129 Editorial: Red Blood Cells at the Mount of Truth: Highlights of the 22nd Meeting of the European Red Cell Research Society Frontiers in Physiology. 2020 | Pubmed ID: 33329062 Artificial Intelligence Meets Hematology Transfusion and Apheresis Science : Official Journal of the World Apheresis Association : Official Journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis. Dec, 2020 | Pubmed ID: 33153901 Thrombospondin-1/CD47 Signaling Modulates Transmembrane Cation Conductance, Survival, and Deformability of Human Red Blood Cells Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS. Sep, 2020 | Pubmed ID: 32948210 Early Career Scientists' Guide to the Red Blood Cell - Don't Panic! Frontiers in Physiology. 2020 | Pubmed ID: 32903637 Trends in the Development of Diagnostic Tools for Red Blood Cell-Related Diseases and Anemias Frontiers in Physiology. 2020 | Pubmed ID: 32528298 Heterogeneity of Red Blood Cells: Causes and Consequences Frontiers in Physiology. 2020 | Pubmed ID: 32457644 Correction: Cross-sectional Focusing of Red Blood Cells in a Constricted Microfluidic Channel Soft Matter. Feb, 2020 | Pubmed ID: 32039425 Cross-sectional Focusing of Red Blood Cells in a Constricted Microfluidic Channel Soft Matter. Jan, 2020 | Pubmed ID: 31808773 Calcium Channels and Calcium-Regulated Channels in Human Red Blood Cells Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2020 | Pubmed ID: 31646528 Intracellular Ca Concentration and Phosphatidylserine Exposure in Healthy Human Erythrocytes in Dependence on Cell Age Frontiers in Physiology. 2019 | Pubmed ID: 31998145 Large Scale, Unbiased Analysis of Elementary Calcium Signaling Events in Cardiac Myocytes Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. Oct, 2019 | Pubmed ID: 31419438 Red Blood Cells: Chasing Interactions Frontiers in Physiology. 2019 | Pubmed ID: 31417415 The Evolution of Erythrocytes Becoming Red in Respect to Fluorescence Frontiers in Physiology. 2019 | Pubmed ID: 31275166 Density, Heterogeneity and Deformability of Red Cells As Markers of Clinical Severity in Hereditary Spherocytosis Haematologica. May, 2019 | Pubmed ID: 31147440 Glutaraldehyde - A Subtle Tool in the Investigation of Healthy and Pathologic Red Blood Cells Frontiers in Physiology. 2019 | Pubmed ID: 31139090 Red Blood Cell Membrane Conductance in Hereditary Haemolytic Anaemias Frontiers in Physiology. 2019 | Pubmed ID: 31040790 DREADD Technology Reveals Major Impact of Gq Signalling on Cardiac Electrophysiology Cardiovascular Research. May, 2019 | Pubmed ID: 30321287 A Novel Gain-of-function Mutation of Piezo1 is Functionally Affirmed in Red Blood Cells by High-throughput Patch Clamp Haematologica. 05, 2019 | Pubmed ID: 30237269 A Previously Unrecognized Ca-inhibited Nonselective Cation Channel in Red Blood Cells HemaSphere. Oct, 2018 | Pubmed ID: 30887009 Commentary: Voltage Gating of Mechanosensitive PIEZO Channels Frontiers in Physiology. 2018 | Pubmed ID: 30524293 Editorial: The Red Cell Life-Cycle From Erythropoiesis to Clearance Frontiers in Physiology. 2018 | Pubmed ID: 30467481 Antimargination of Microparticles and Platelets in the Vicinity of Branching Vessels Biophysical Journal. 07, 2018 | Pubmed ID: 30021115 Squeezing for Life - Properties of Red Blood Cell Deformability Frontiers in Physiology. 2018 | Pubmed ID: 29910743 Classification of Red Blood Cell Shapes in Flow Using Outlier Tolerant Machine Learning PLoS Computational Biology. Jun, 2018 | Pubmed ID: 29906283 The Red Blood Cells on the Move! Frontiers in Physiology. 2018 | Pubmed ID: 29765336 Voltage-Activated Ion Channels in Non-excitable Cells-A Viewpoint Regarding Their Physiological Justification Frontiers in Physiology. 2018 | Pubmed ID: 29755371 Red Blood Cell Passage of Small Capillaries Is Associated with Transient Ca-mediated Adaptations Frontiers in Physiology. 2017 | Pubmed ID: 29259557 An Adaptation of Astronomical Image Processing Enables Characterization and Functional 3D Mapping of Individual Sites of Excitation-contraction Coupling in Rat Cardiac Muscle ELife. Nov, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 29135437 NMDA Receptor Activity in Circulating Red Blood Cells: Methods of Detection Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.). 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28986879 Is Increased Intracellular Calcium in Red Blood Cells a Common Component in the Molecular Mechanism Causing Anemia? Frontiers in Physiology. 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28932200 The Buckling Instability of Aggregating Red Blood Cells Scientific Reports. Aug, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28801570 Trifluoperazine-Induced Suicidal Erythrocyte Death and S-Nitrosylation Inhibition, Reversed by the Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology. 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28793283 The Potential of Erythrocytes As Cellular Aging Models Cell Death and Differentiation. Sep, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28622292 'Gardos Channelopathy': a Variant of Hereditary Stomatocytosis with Complex Molecular Regulation Scientific Reports. May, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28496185 PKCα Diffusion and Translocation Are Independent of an Intact Cytoskeleton Scientific Reports. Mar, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28352102 The Molecular Structure of Human Red Blood Cell Membranes from Highly Oriented, Solid Supported Multi-Lamellar Membranes Scientific Reports. Jan, 2017 | Pubmed ID: 28045119 C2-domain Mediated Nano-cluster Formation Increases Calcium Signaling Efficiency Scientific Reports. Nov, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27808106 Novel Insights in the Regulation of Phosphatidylserine Exposure in Human Red Blood Cells Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology. 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27771709 Hyperaldosteronism Induces Left Atrial Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. Oct, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27614224 Cardiac N-methyl D-aspartate Receptors As a Pharmacological Target Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology. Nov, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27525575 Red Cell Properties After Different Modes of Blood Transportation Frontiers in Physiology. 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27471472 Comparing the Impact of an Acute Exercise Bout on Plasma Amino Acid Composition, Intraerythrocytic Ca(2+) Handling, and Red Cell Function in Athletes and Untrained Subjects Cell Calcium. Oct, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 27292137 Endothelin-1-induced Remodelling of Murine Adult Ventricular Myocytes Cell Calcium. Jan, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 26794932 Cardiac Remodeling in Gαq and Gα11 Knockout Mice International Journal of Cardiology. Jan, 2016 | Pubmed ID: 26476043 Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators in Circulation Research International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Sep, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26370981 Channelizing the Red Blood Cell: Molecular Biology Competes with Patch-clamp Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. 2015 | Pubmed ID: 26322315 Conceptual and Technical Aspects of Transfection and Gene Delivery Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. Mar, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25677659 Differential Behavior of Fibroblasts and Epithelial Cells on Structured Implant Abutment Materials: A Comparison of Materials and Surface Topographies Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. Dec, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25066589 Confocal FLIM of Genetically Encoded FRET Sensors for Quantitative Ca2+ Imaging Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. Dec, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25447281 Two-dimensional Imaging of Fast Intracellular Ca2+ Release Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. Dec, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25447280 Differential Targeting of CPKC and NPKC Decodes and Regulates Ca²⁺ and Lipid Signalling Biochemical Society Transactions. Dec, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25399567 Multi-channel Imaging of Cellular Signaling: Interplay of Ca2+ and Conventional Protein Kinase C Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. Nov, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25368306 Multi-beam Two-photon Imaging of Fast Ca2+ Signals in the Langendorff Mouse Heart Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. Nov, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25368305 Two-photon Photolysis Combined with a Kilobeam Array Scanner to Probe Calcium Signaling in Cardiomyocytes Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. Nov, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25368304 Detecting Calcium in Cardiac Muscle: Fluorescence to Dye For American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. Dec, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25260614 Regulation of Red Cell Life-span, Erythropoiesis, Senescence, and Clearance Frontiers in Physiology. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25101005 Genetically Encoded Ca2+ Indicators in Cardiac Myocytes Circulation Research. May, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24812351 Targeted Activation of Conventional and Novel Protein Kinases C Through Differential Translocation Patterns Molecular and Cellular Biology. Jul, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24732802 Irisin Does Not Mediate Resistance Training-induced Alterations in Resting Metabolic Rate Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Sep, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24566753 Calcium Homeostasis in Red Blood Cells of Dialysis Patients in Dependence of Erythropoietin Treatment Frontiers in Physiology. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24478727 Irisin and Exercise Training in Humans - Results from a Randomized Controlled Training Trial BMC Medicine. Nov, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 24191966 Morphologically Homogeneous Red Blood Cells Present a Heterogeneous Response to Hormonal Stimulation PloS One. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23840765 Protein Kinase Cα and P-type Ca Channel CaV2.1 in Red Blood Cell Calcium Signalling Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23817128 Calcium in Red Blood Cells-a Perilous Balance International Journal of Molecular Sciences. May, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23698771 Calcium Dysregulation in Ventricular Myocytes from Mice Expressing Constitutively Active Rac1 Cell Calcium. Jul, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23631848 Accumulation of DNA Damage in Complex Normal Tissues After Protracted Low-dose Radiation DNA Repair. Oct, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22947398 Noise-free Visualization of Microscopic Calcium Signaling by Pixel-wise Fitting Circulation Research. Jun, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22619280 Gαq and Gα11 Contribute to the Maintenance of Cellular Electrophysiology and Ca2+ Handling in Ventricular Cardiomyocytes Cardiovascular Research. Jul, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22562663 Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Mediated Regulation of Ganglioside Homeostasis Linking Alzheimer's Disease Pathology with Ganglioside Metabolism PloS One. 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22470521 Functional and Morphological Preservation of Adult Ventricular Myocytes in Culture by Sub-micromolar Cytochalasin D Supplement Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 21930133 Erythrocytes and Erythropoietin International Journal of Cell Biology. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22481941 Regulation of Phosphatidylserine Exposure in Red Blood Cells Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22178937 ATOM - an OMERO Add-on for Automated Import of Image Data BMC Research Notes. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21978452 Lysophosphatidic Acid Induced Red Blood Cell Aggregation in Vitro Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands). Aug, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21890432 Screening Action Potentials: the Power of Light Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21847381 Stimulation of Human Red Blood Cells Leads to Ca2+-mediated Intercellular Adhesion Cell Calcium. Jul, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21616535 The Combined Effects of Oncolytic Reovirus Plus Newcastle Disease Virus and Reovirus Plus Parvovirus on U87 and U373 Cells In vitro and In vivo Journal of Neuro-oncology. Sep, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21607667 Optical Action Potential Screening on Adult Ventricular Myocytes As an Alternative QT-screen Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry : International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21471717 Remodelling of Ca2+ Handling Organelles in Adult Rat Ventricular Myocytes During Long Term Culture Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. Sep, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20540947 Functional NMDA Receptors in Rat Erythrocytes American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. Jun, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20457837 Cardiac Rac1 Overexpression in Mice Creates a Substrate for Atrial Arrhythmias Characterized by Structural Remodelling Cardiovascular Research. Aug, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20211865 A System for Optical High Resolution Screening of Electrical Excitable Cells Cell Calcium. Mar, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20036001 DNA Double-strand Break Rejoining in Complex Normal Tissues International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. Nov, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18805648 Differential Presentation of Tumor Antigen-derived Epitopes by MHC-class I and Antigen-positive Tumor Cells International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer. Oct, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18688854 A Primary Culture System for Sustained Expression of a Calcium Sensor in Preserved Adult Rat Ventricular Myocytes Cell Calcium. Jan, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 17822759 Identification of PatL1, a Human Homolog to Yeast P Body Component Pat1 Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Dec, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17936923 Ca2+ Channel Currents and Contraction in CaVbeta3-deficient Ileum Smooth Muscle from Mouse Cell Calcium. Oct-Nov, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17580090 Sustained Activity of Calcium Release-activated Calcium Channels Requires Translocation of Mitochondria to the Plasma Membrane The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Dec, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 17056596 Reduced Cardiac L-type Ca2+ Current in Ca(V)beta2-/- Embryos Impairs Cardiac Development and Contraction with Secondary Defects in Vascular Maturation Circulation Research. Sep, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16946137 Overexpression of Junctin Causes Adaptive Changes in Cardiac Myocyte Ca(2+) Signaling Cell Calcium. Feb, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16289269 Calcium Imaging of Individual Erythrocytes: Problems and Approaches Cell Calcium. Jan, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16242187 Prostaglandin E2 Activates Channel-mediated Calcium Entry in Human Erythrocytes: an Indication for a Blood Clot Formation Supporting Process Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Dec, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15583732 Erythrocytes-the 'house Elves' of Photodynamic Therapy Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology. Nov-Dec, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15570383 Red Blood Cell Ghosts and Intact Red Blood Cells As Complementary Models in Photodynamic Cell Research Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands). May, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15039014 Zinc Octa-n-alkyl Phthalocyanines in Photodynamic Therapy: Photophysical Properties, Accumulation and Apoptosis in Cell Cultures, Studies in Erythrocytes and Topical Application to Balb/c Mice Skin Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences : Official Journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology. Jun, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12859150 Ion Channels in the Human Red Blood Cell Membrane: Their Further Investigation and Physiological Relevance Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands). Jan, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11786344 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Physics-Driven Characterization in a Medical Context Alexis Darras1, Thomas John1, Christian Wagner1,2, Lars Kaestner1,3 1Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 2Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 3Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University JoVE 64502 Medicine Isolation and Genetic Manipulation of Adult Cardiac Myocytes for Confocal Imaging Lars Kaestner1, Anke Scholz1, Karin Hammer1, Anne Vecerdea1, Sandra Ruppenthal1, Peter Lipp1 1Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Universty of Saarland JoVE 1433 Biology
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate: A Physics-Driven Characterization in a Medical Context Alexis Darras1, Thomas John1, Christian Wagner1,2, Lars Kaestner1,3 1Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 2Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 3Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University JoVE 64502 Medicine
Isolation and Genetic Manipulation of Adult Cardiac Myocytes for Confocal Imaging Lars Kaestner1, Anke Scholz1, Karin Hammer1, Anne Vecerdea1, Sandra Ruppenthal1, Peter Lipp1 1Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Universty of Saarland JoVE 1433 Biology