Summary

Внеклеточно выявления моторных нейронов для бассейна мышц Motor в<em> Aplysia саЩогтса</em

Published: March 25, 2013
doi:

Summary

У животных с большими определены нейронов (<em> Например,</em> Моллюски), анализ двигатель бассейнов осуществляется с помощью внутриклеточных методы<sup> 1,2,3,4</sup>. Недавно мы разработали методику, чтобы стимулировать внеклеточно и записывать отдельные нейроны в<em> Aplysia саЩогтса</em<sup> 5</sup>. Опишем протокол для использования этого метода, чтобы однозначно определить и охарактеризовать моторных нейронов в бассейне двигателя.

Abstract

In animals with large identified neurons (e.g. mollusks), analysis of motor pools is done using intracellular techniques1,2,3,4. Recently, we developed a technique to extracellularly stimulate and record individual neurons in Aplysia californica5. We now describe a protocol for using this technique to uniquely identify and characterize motor neurons within a motor pool.

This extracellular technique has advantages. First, extracellular electrodes can stimulate and record neurons through the sheath5, so it does not need to be removed. Thus, neurons will be healthier in extracellular experiments than in intracellular ones. Second, if ganglia are rotated by appropriate pinning of the sheath, extracellular electrodes can access neurons on both sides of the ganglion, which makes it easier and more efficient to identify multiple neurons in the same preparation. Third, extracellular electrodes do not need to penetrate cells, and thus can be easily moved back and forth among neurons, causing less damage to them. This is especially useful when one tries to record multiple neurons during repeating motor patterns that may only persist for minutes. Fourth, extracellular electrodes are more flexible than intracellular ones during muscle movements. Intracellular electrodes may pull out and damage neurons during muscle contractions. In contrast, since extracellular electrodes are gently pressed onto the sheath above neurons, they usually stay above the same neuron during muscle contractions, and thus can be used in more intact preparations.

To uniquely identify motor neurons for a motor pool (in particular, the I1/I3 muscle in Aplysia) using extracellular electrodes, one can use features that do not require intracellular measurements as criteria: soma size and location, axonal projection, and muscle innervation4,6,7. For the particular motor pool used to illustrate the technique, we recorded from buccal nerves 2 and 3 to measure axonal projections, and measured the contraction forces of the I1/I3 muscle to determine the pattern of muscle innervation for the individual motor neurons.

We demonstrate the complete process of first identifying motor neurons using muscle innervation, then characterizing their timing during motor patterns, creating a simplified diagnostic method for rapid identification. The simplified and more rapid diagnostic method is superior for more intact preparations, e.g. in the suspended buccal mass preparation8 or in vivo9. This process can also be applied in other motor pools10,11,12 in Aplysia or in other animal systems2,3,13,14.

Protocol

1. Подготовка Запись Dish В ходе экспериментов датчик силы, щечной ганглиев, мозгового ганглия, и щечной массу помещают в круглом блюде Pyrex, который специализируется на силы исследованиях. Для стимулирования ingestive-подобных моделей в экспериментах, мы должны применить, не гидрол…

Representative Results

На рисунках 4 и 5 показаны типичные результаты используются для определения двух I1/I3 моторных нейронов. Рисунок 4 показывает сома записи больших моторных нейронов, B3, во время egestive-как и ingestive-подобных моделей (рис. 4C, 4D). Один к одному соответствующие ш?…

Discussion

У животных с большими определены нейронов, таких как моллюски (например, Lymnaea, Helix, и Aplysia), анализ двигатель бассейны, как правило, осуществляется с помощью внутриклеточной регистрации 1,2,3,4. В этом протоколе, мы опишем процесс для уникальной идентификации моторных нейроно…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Это исследование было поддержано грантом NS047073 NIH и NSF гранта DMS1010434.

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
Sodium chloride Fisher Scientific S671 Biological, Certified
Potassium chloride Fisher Scientific P217 Certified ACS
Magnesium chloride hexahydrate Acros Organics 19753 99%
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Fisher Scientific M63 Certified ACS
Calcium chloride dihydrate Fisher Scientifc C79 Certified ACS
Glucose (dextrose) Sigma-Aldrich G7528 BioXtra
MOPS buffer Acros Organics 17263 99%
Carbachol Acros Organics 10824 99%
Sodium hydroxide Fisher Scientific SS255 Certified
Hydrochloric acid Fisher Scientific SA49 Certified
Single-barreled capillary glass A-M Systems 6150
Flaming-Brown micropipette puller model P-80/PC Sutter Instruments Filament used: FT345B
Enamel coated stainless steel wire California Fine Wire 0.001D, coating h
Household Silicone II Glue GE
Duro Quick-Gel superglue Henkel corp.
A-M Systems model 1700 amplifier A-M Systems Filter settings: 10-500 Hz for the I2 nerve/muscle; 300-500 Hz for all the other nerves
Pulsemaster Multi-Channel Stimulator World Precision Instruments A300
Stimulus Isolator World Precision Instruments A360
AxoGraph X AxoGraph Scientific Software for recordings
Gold Connector Pins Bulgin SA3148/1
Gold Connector Sockets Bulgin SA3149/1
Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer Dow Corning
100 x 15 mm Crystalizing Dish Pyrex
High Vacuum Grease Dow Corning
Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 21-375D
Minutien Pins Fine Science Tools 26002-10
Modeling Clay Sargent Art 22-4400
Whisper Air Pump Tetra 77849
Aquarium Tubing Eheim 7783 12/16 mm
Elite Airstone Hagen A962
Vannas Spring Scissors Fine Science Tools 15000-08
Dumont #5 Fine Forceps Fine Science Tools 11254-20
Kimwipes Kimberly-Clark 34155

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Cite This Article
Lu, H., McManus, J. M., Chiel, H. J. Extracellularly Identifying Motor Neurons for a Muscle Motor Pool in Aplysia californica. J. Vis. Exp. (73), e50189, doi:10.3791/50189 (2013).

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