合并多个数据采集系统来研究皮质输出和多段生物力学
Summary
The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study human motor control requires the integration of data acquisition systems to control TMS delivery and simultaneously record human behavior. The present manuscript provides a detailed methodology for integrating data acquisition systems for the purpose of investigating human movement via TMS.
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use of TMS to study human movement, has been limited by the challenges related to precisely timing the delivery of TMS to features of the unfolding movement and, also, by accurately characterizing kinematics and kinetics. To overcome these technical challenges, TMS delivery and acquisition systems should be integrated with an online motion tracking system. The present manuscript details technical innovations that integrate multiple acquisition systems to facilitate and advance the use of TMS to study human movement. Using commercially available software and hardware systems, a step-by-step approach to both the hardware assembly and the software scripts necessary to perform TMS studies triggered by specific features of a movement is provided. The approach is focused on the study of upper limb, planar, multi-joint reaching movements. However, the same integrative system is amenable to a multitude of sophisticated studies of human motor control.
Introduction
经颅磁刺激（TMS）是一种非侵入性的方法来刺激人大脑皮层。3,5-但是也有一些用于理解皮质功能诸如单和多脉冲，双中心刺激来探测功能连接几个TMS协议，以及重复脉冲，促进神经可塑性。4,6-8 TMS协议也可以组合以促进人类皮质过程的本理解和指导神经恢复战略。除了刺激皮质，TMS也可使用由皮质脊髓束或小脑刺激理解子皮质功能。
其中一个目前面临TMS研究的最大的技术挑战是人类目标导向的自主运动过程中，研究皮质区的作用的能力。有几个因素促成这一技术难题。首先，TMS交付应具有实时人体运动C组apture。以这种方式，TMS脉冲可以一个动作顺序提供时间锁定方法来研究复杂的运动内被递送或触发特征。第二，整合TMS递送和运动捕捉允许复杂的运动的详细描述，因为它展现，这将促进该支撑电机控制脑行为的关系的理解。目前，还没有商用系统（含）整合TMS和动作捕捉方法。对于在电机控制领域的神经科学家，这个空间通常意味着费时，技术挑战，整合多个软件和硬件的数据采集和传输系统。这种技术上的限制也导致了稀疏的研究致力于累及上肢动态多关节运动的研究。对于TMS促进人类电机控制领域，当务之急是皮质功能在复杂的人体运动进行探测。
<p class ="“jove_content”">要有效地整合TMS和动作捕捉方法，采集系统必须允许实时同步TMS和动作捕捉。第二，该系统必须适合于学习的运动运动学（即，运动的描述），运动动力学（即，迫使该移动引起），和肌肉的活动。第三，系统必须能够同步的TMS脉冲以这些运动特征，并且基于复杂的运动特征由标准来触发。这样的系统将提供皮质功能和运动学和运动的动力学之间的重要关联。这份手稿详细介绍了独特的方法来整合TMS和动作捕捉的方法。这种方法允许复杂的多关节运动的力学详细的分析，并允许自动由移动（即，运动学，动力学，或肌肉活动）的特定功能的TMS触发脉冲的控制。此外，此数据ACQuisition系统允许TMS和动作捕捉与需要视觉 – 运动或感觉任务实验范式整合。这份手稿详细介绍了创新的方法，用于组合TMS和人体运动采集和分析的目的，集成常用的动作捕捉硬件和软件系统。数据使用期间，平面多关节运动的人类大脑皮层功能的样本研究中提出。可供下载来进行实验所需的软件脚本。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
The present manuscript details an innovative method to integrate TMS and motion capture systems in the context of a visuo-motor task. To make rapid and meaningful advances in the study of human motor control, it is essential that methodologies allow for precise communication across multiple hardware and software systems. The paradigm presented could be used to study a variety of research interests including the cortical contribution to motor learning, the neurophysiology of motor control, and multi-joint movement contr…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors thank funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council to AJN.
Materials
| Polhemus FASTRAK | Polhemus Inc. | 6 degrees of freedom electromagnetic motion tracking device with 4 sensors | |
| Presentation | Neurobehavioural Systems Inc. | A fully programmable software for experiments involving data acquisition and stimulus delivery | |
| Cutom built Exoskeleton | 80/20 Inc. – The industrial erector set | Varies | Various parts used to build the exoskeleton |
| Brainsight | Rogue Research Inc. | Neuronavigation software to track coil position throughout the experiment |
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