Индукция и оценка физической нагрузке скелетных мышц нарушения у людей
Summary
This article describes a safe and reliable method to induce and quantify exertional skeletal muscle damage in human subjects.
Abstract
Сужение-индуцированного повреждения мышц за счет добровольных эксцентричных (удлинение) сокращений дает прекрасную модель для изучения адаптации мышц и восстановления в организме человека. Здесь мы рассмотрим конструкцию эксцентричного протокола упражнений, чтобы вызвать повреждение в четырехглавой мышцы, отмеченные изменения в силе, болезненность и уровни креатинкиназы в плазме. Этот метод прост, этические, и широко применяется, поскольку она осуществляется в человеческих участников и устраняет межвидовой перевод результатов. Субъекты выполнения 300 максимальных эксцентрических сокращений колено разгибателей со скоростью 120 ° / сек на изокинетической динамометра. Степень повреждения измерима с использованием относительно неинвазивные изокинетическая и изометрические меры потери прочности, болезненность и плазменных уровней креатинкиназы в течение нескольких дней после тренировки. Следовательно, ее применение может быть направлено на конкретные группы населения в попытке идентифицировать механизмы для мышцадаптации и регенерации.
Introduction
The overall goal of this procedure is to induce exertional damage to the quadriceps femoris muscles using voluntary lengthening (eccentric) contractions in human subjects.
Contraction-induced skeletal muscle damage is a common consequence of exercise that is marked by delayed onset muscle soreness1, transient strength loss, and elevated muscle-specific enzymes in the blood2. Exertional muscle damage is most pronounced following exercise to which the subject is unaccustomed, particularly when eccentric contractions are involved3. Exertional muscle damage is typically benign. Soreness subsides, and both serum proteins and strength typically return to pre-damage levels within a few days to weeks after the damaging insult. In extreme cases, exertional muscle damage can lead to a life-threatening syndrome know as rhabdomyolysis. However, exertional muscle damage is usually insufficient to cause clinical rhabdomyolysis in healthy individuals4 in the absence of compounding factors including heat stress, dehydration5, infection6 or rare genetic predispositions7.
Contraction-induced muscle damage is typically less severe than toxin-induced or freezing-induced injury, methods often used in rodent studies8,9. Yet, contraction-induced injury provides a useful method to study the muscle damage response with notable advantages. First, it is a safe and ethical method for use with human subjects1-3. Thus, interspecies translation of the results is not needed as data can be obtained directly from human subjects. Moreover, translating data obtained from rodent studies is very difficult given that the severity of injury seen in the rodent injury models exceeds the level of damage that would be ethical to induce in human subjects. Second, contraction-induced damage is commonly experienced and a natural process of exercise. Therefore, this mode of damage induction is useful for studying muscle damage in the context of exercise, adaptation to exercise as well as overt muscle injury. Here we describe a safe and reliable method to induce and evaluate skeletal muscle damage using lengthening contractions in humans.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Несколько шагов имеют решающее значение для получения желаемых результатов этого протокола. Во-первых, субъекты должны быть надлежащим образом ознакомлены с протоколами сжатия, в частности измерений силы. Убедитесь, что субъект понимает, что именно они должны делать, и дать им возможн…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors have no acknowledgements.
Materials
| Biodex Dynomometer | Biodex Medical Systems | 850-000 | Other models are available and should produce similar results |
| Creatine Kinase kit | Sigma-Aldrich | MAK116 | |
| Serum Vacutainers | BD Bioscience | 367812 | |
| Winged safety push button blood collection set | BD Bioscience | 367338 | |
| Cryogenic vials | Sigma-Aldrich | V5007 | We use the 2mL vials to store serum aliquots |
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