分离和成人犬海马神经前体扩张
Summary
犬大脑是在研究成年神经宝贵的典范。这里介绍的是隔离，并从原发性脑组织扩大成年犬海马神经前体细胞协议。
Abstract
The rate of neurogenesis within the adult hippocampus has been shown to vary across mammalian species. The canine hippocampus, demonstrating a structural intermediacy between the rodent and human hippocampi, is therefore a valuable model in which to study adult neurogenesis. In vitro culture assays are an essential component of characterizing neurogenesis and adult neural precursor cells, allowing for precise control over the cellular environment. To date however, culture protocols for canine cells remain under-represented in the literature. Detailed here are systematic protocols for the isolation and culture of hippocampal neural precursor cells from the adult canine brain. We demonstrate the expansion of canine neural precursor cells as floating neurospheres and as an adherent monolayer culture, producing stable cell lines that are able to differentiation into mature neural cell types in vitro. Adult canine neural precursors are an underused resource that may provide a more faithful analogue for the study of human neural precursors and the cellular mechanisms of adult neurogenesis.
Introduction
Regional variations in the rate of neurogenesis have been observed along the dorsoventral axis of the rodent hippocampus1,2. Furthermore, the rates of hippocampal neurogenesis also show distinct inter-species variation, with precursor cell turnover in the subgranular zone shown to be significantly lower in adult humans than in rodents3-5. Inter-species differences in hippocampal structural anatomy may be relevant here, as it has been postulated that neural stem cell distribution along the murine ventricular neuraxis may be influenced by cephalic flexures during embryological development6. To date, the rodent brain remains the most popular system in which to study adult neurogenesis. However, the brain of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), with a size and structural organization intermediate between that of humans and rodents7, represents a valuable yet highly underused animal model. The canine hippocampus in particular embodies this structurally intermediate nature8-10 and can provide a unique perspective on intrinsic variations in neural precursor cell populations. With many closer parallels to the human brain, the canine model may also offer insight into the biology of adult human neurogenesis.
In vitro culture assays have become a key tool for the study of neural precursors and the cellular and biomolecular processes of adult neurogenesis. The neurosphere assay and adherent monolayer culture represent the two predominant systems for expanding neural precursor cells in vitro11-13. Protocols for brain extraction, hippocampal microdissection or neural precursor culture assays have been well documented for the rodent model14-16. However, for the adult canine brain they remain comparatively few17,18, focused instead on fetal or neonatal tissue19-21.
In our published study7 we investigated regional variations in neurogenesis and neural precursor cell populations across the dorsoventral axis of the adult canine hippocampus. Although highly dependent on breed, adulthood in canines is reached between 1 and 3 years of age. Here, we present detailed methods for the extraction, isolation and culture of neural precursor cells from the canine hippocampus. We provide systematic protocols for the expansion of neural precursor cells as both floating neurospheres and as an adherent monolayer culture, and for their subsequent differentiation into mature neural cell types.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
这里描述的协议优化，保持最大限度地提高细胞活力良好的培养条件。期间提取，分离和扩增所采取的速度和护理是至关重要的。建立单层贴壁扩张的一个关键步骤是初级神经球的有效分离。下面这段话，充分游离神经球可能产生二次浮动的神经球。期间媒体的变化，这些神经球可以被移除，解离和重新接种于贴壁单层通道。相反，如果解离后的细胞存活率为80％以下，这可能离解过程中是指示?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia grants (#568969 and 1004152).
Materials
| 1000 μL filtered pipette tip | Axygen | TF1000 | |
| 150 mm petri dish | BD Biosciences | 351058 | |
| 15mL centrifuge tubes | Greiner Bio One | 188271 | |
| 200 μL filtered pipette tip | Axygen | TF200 | |
| 24 well culture plate | Greiner Bio One | 662160 | |
| 35 mm tissue culture dish | BD Biosciences | 353001 | |
| 40 µm cell strainer | BD Biosciences | 352340 | |
| 6 well culture plate | BD Biosciences | 351146 | |
| B-27 Supplement (50X) serum free | Life Technologies | 17504044 | |
| Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) | Life Technologies | 13256029 | |
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | Millipore | GF029 | |
| Collagen solution | Stem Cell Technologies | 04902 | Also available in the Neurocult NCFC Assay Kit from Stem Cell Technologies. Cat: 05740 |
| DMEM (4.5g/L, D-glucose) 500mL | Life Technologies | 11960044 | |
| DPBS | Life Technologies | 14190250 | |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | BD Biosciences | 354001 | |
| F-12 nutrient mixture (Ham) (1X) Liquid | Life Technologies | 31765035 | |
| Fetal bovine serum (FBS) | Life Technologies | 16141079 | |
| Gelatin from Porcine Skin Type A | Sigma-Aldrich | G1890 | |
| L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (GlutaMAX) | Life Technologies | 35050061 | |
| Heparin sodium salt from (porcine) | Sigma-Aldrich | H314950KU | |
| Laminin (mouse) | Life Technologies | 23017015 | |
| NCFC serum free medium (NeuroCult) | Stem Cell Technologies | 5720 | Also available in the Neurocult NCFC Assay Kit from Stem Cell Technologies. Cat: 05740 |
| Proliferation NS-A (NeuroCult) | Stem Cell Technologies | 05773 | Also available in the Neurocult NCFC Assay Kit Cat: 05740, and NS-A Prolieration Kit (Rat) Cat: 05771 from Stem Cell Technologies. |
| NSC basal medium (Rat; NeuroCult) | Stem Cell Technologies | 5770 | Also available in the Neurocult NS-A Prolieration Kit (Rat) from Stem Cell Technologies. Cat: 05771 |
| Penicillin/Streptomycin (5000 U/mL) | Life Technologies | 15070063 | |
| Povidone-iodine | Munipharma | Betadine | |
| Trypan blue (0.4%) | Life Technologies | 15250061 | |
| Trypsin EDTA | Life Technologies | 25200056 | |
| Class II biological safety cabinet | ThermoFisher Scientific | Safe 2020 1.2 | |
| Brain knife (disposable) | Macroknife | ||
| Cell culture incubator | ThermoFisher Scientific | HERAcell 150i | |
| Centrifuge | Hettich | Universal 320R | |
| Dumont #5 Forceps | Dumont | ||
| Easypet Electric pipette | Eppindorf | ||
| Hemocytometer | Boeco | Bright-Line Improved Neubauer | |
| Manual pipettes | Eppindorf research | ||
| Oscillating bone saw | |||
| Scalpel blades (No.21) | Paramount | ||
| Scissors | Delta | ||
| Water bath | Grant | JB Aqua 18 plus |
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