Los hidrogeles sintonizable de la matriz extracelular pulmonar por la 3D de Cultivos Celulares
Summary
Este es un método para crear un andamio de cultivo celular de 3 dimensiones de la matriz extracelular pulmonar. pulmonar intacta se procesa en hidrogeles que pueden apoyar el crecimiento de células en tres dimensiones.
Abstract
Aquí presentamos un método para establecer múltiples hidrogeles de cultivo de células de componentes para el cultivo in vitro de células de pulmón en. Comenzando con sano en tejido bloque de pulmón de porcino, de rata, o un ratón, el tejido es perfundido y sumergido en detergentes químicos subsiguientes para eliminar los restos celulares. comparación histológica del tejido antes y después del procesamiento confirma la eliminación de más del 95% de la doble tinción de ADN y alfa galactosidasa hebra sugiere se elimina la mayoría de los restos celulares. Después de la descelularización, el tejido es liofilizada y después cryomilled en un polvo. El polvo de la matriz se digiere durante 48 horas en una solución de digestión con pepsina ácida y después se neutralizó para formar la solución pregel. La gelificación de la solución pregel puede ser inducida por la incubación a 37 ° C y puede ser utilizado inmediatamente después de la neutralización o se almacenaron a 4 ° C durante hasta dos semanas. Los recubrimientos se pueden formar usando la solución pregel en una placa no tratada para capego ell. Las células pueden ser suspendidas en el pregel antes de la auto-ensamblaje de lograr una cultura 3D, chapada en la superficie de un gel formado a partir de la cual las células pueden migrar a través del andamio, o chapada en los revestimientos. Las alteraciones en la estrategia presentada puede afectar la temperatura de gelificación, la fuerza o el tamaño de los fragmentos de proteínas. Más allá de la formación del hidrogel, la rigidez de hidrogel se puede incrementar utilizando genipina.
Introduction
Translating in vitro results to the clinic is one of the most challenging issues facing biomedical researchers. In vitro research on tissue culture plastic is easier, more convenient, and maintains high cell viability.1 This approach is a reasonable starting point, but the results have limited clinical translation. Increasingly, laboratories are incorporating three-dimensional constructs to replace the traditional two-dimensional methods. Reviews are available for many three-dimensional environments, from biological scaffolds to polymeric scaffolds.2,3
Biological frameworks can mimic characteristics of in vivo environments as they contain many of the protein and glycosaminoglycan components of the native matrix and provide familiar binding sites for cells to attach to and recognize. Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived materials have been shown to be capable scaffolds for cell attachment and proliferation.4 One challenge that limits the application of ECM hydrogel platforms stems from their inherently weak mechanical properties following gelation. Native tissue often has mechanical properties that are magnitudes higher than hydrogels. Non-toxic crosslinking agents can increase the mechanical properties of hydrogels to better mimic the native tissue environment. Genipin is a non-toxic, natural crosslinker derived from Gardenia plants with the ability to closely tailor mechanical properties of ECM with changes in genipin concentration5,6.
Nearly all cells in the body exist in, and organize on, ECM that they either produce or maintain. New focus on the universal importance of ECM in the organization, condition, and function in every organ or system has sparked the production of matrix based platforms for in vitro investigation. Porcine small intestine submucosa is the most extensively studied naturally-derived scaffold, and it has been used to regenerate tendons, ligaments, skeletal muscle4, and even bone7. Matrices from other organs and donor species have also demonstrated good tissue regeneration potential. The use of foreign ECM components causes minimal issues with immunomodulation. After elimination of host cellular matter, the remaining ECM will be similar in amino acid content and organization to all other mammalian species8. There is a growing line of thinking that the best way to examine cell-ECM interactions in vitro is to utilize organ-specific ECM scaffolds. Each organ provides a unique composition of proteins and proteoglycans to create cellular niches. Niches provide structural, functional and even the enzymatic breakdown of the extracellular matrix contributing to biophysical signaling. To attain an in vitro microenvironment most similar to the in vivo microenvironment, use of tissue specific ECM would optimize the cellular niches for research.
The goal of this protocol is to provide a method for establishing a hydrogel scaffold unique to the lung ECM. This method provides a platform for in vitro research on lung cell-ECM interactions.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Uno de los aspectos integrales de la biología es la auto-organización de las moléculas en estructuras jerárquicas que realizan una tarea específica. 13 En el laboratorio, el autoensamblaje depende de numerosos factores tales como la concentración de sal, pH, y la duración de digestión. Como se muestra, se forma un hidrogel de auto-organización cuando las proteínas solubilizadas vuelve a la temperatura fisiológica. El hidrogel formado es capaz de promover la unión celular y la proliferación in…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Nos gustaría dar las gracias a las granjas de Smithfield de la donación del tejido pulmonar porcino intacta. También nos gustaría agradecer al Dr. Hu Yang, el Dr. Christina Tang y el Departamento de Cirugía Plástica de VCU para permitirnos usar sus equipos. muestras de hidrogel y tejidos se prepararon para la SEM en el Departamento de Anatomía y de las instalaciones Neurobiología Microscopía VCU apoyado, en parte, por fondos del NIH NINDS Core Center de Grant 5 P30 NS047463 y, en parte, por la forma de financiación de los NIH-NCI Cancer Center Proyectos financiados P30 CA016059. SEM de imágenes de muestras en la Instalación Core Caracterización VCU Nanotecnología (NCC). Este trabajo fue financiado por la National Science Foundation, CMMI 1.351.162.
Materials
| Triton X-100 | Fisher Scientific | BP151-100 | Use in fume hood with eye protection and gloves. |
| Sodium Deoxycholate | Sigma-Aldrich | D6750-100g | Use with eye protection and gloves. |
| Magnesium Sulfate | Sigma-Aldrich | M7506-500g | None |
| Calcium Chloride | Sigma-Aldrich | C1016-500g | None |
| DNase | Sigma-Aldrich | D5025-150KU | None |
| HCl | Sigma-Aldrich | 258148-500ML | Use with eye protection and gloves. |
| Pepsin | Sigma-Aldrich | P6887-5G | Use in fume hood with eye protection and gloves. |
| Sodium Hydroxide | Fisher Scientific | BP359-500 | Use with eye protection and gloves. |
| Genipin | Wako Chemicals | 078-03021 | Use in fume hood with eye protection and gloves. |
| PBS 10x | Quality Biological | 119-069-151 | None |
| PBS | VWR | 45000-448 | None |
| Filter Paper | Whatman | 8519 | N/A |
| Hand pump | Fisher Scientific | 10-239-1 | N/A |
| Graduate Beaker | VitLab | 445941 | N/A |
| Cryomill | SPEX | 6700 | Use cryogloves and eye protection. |
| Lyophilizer | FTS FlexiDry | Use gloves. | |
| Rheometer | Discovery | HR-2 | Use gloves and eye protection. |
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