Kantitatif, Deri Yara Yönetimi için bir konformal Cilt benzeri elektronik Sistemi İmalat ve Karakterizasyonu
Summary
This article presents methods to fabricate and characterize a conformal, skin-like electronic system and protocols for the use in clinical applications, particularly on cutaneous wound management.
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of electronic technologies and biomedical devices offer opportunities for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of cutaneous wound healing on the skin. Existing methods, however, still rely on visual inspections through various microscopic tools and devices that normally include high-cost, sophisticated systems and require well trained personnel for operation and data analysis. Here, we describe methods and protocols to fabricate a conformal, skin-like electronics system that enables conformal lamination to the skin surface near the wound tissues, which provides recording of high fidelity electrical signals such as skin temperature and thermal conductivity. The methods of device fabrication provide details of step-by-step preparation of the microelectronic system that is completely enclosed with elastomeric silicone materials to offer electrical isolation. The experimental study presents multifunctional, biocompatible, waterproof, reusable, and flexible/stretchable characteristics of the device for clinical applications. Protocols of clinical testing provide an overview and sequential process of cleaning, testing setup, system operation, and data acquisition with the skin-like electronics, gently mounted on hypersensitive, cutaneous wound and contralateral tissues on patients.
Introduction
Klinik çalışma ve biyomedikal araştırmalarda, yara iyileşmesinin izlenmesi yaralar 1,2 doku morfolojik değişim histolojik değerlendirilmesine dayanmaktadır invaziv yöntem üzerinde odaklanmıştır. Son zamanlarda, elektronik teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişmeler görsel dijital görüntüleme 3,4 veya konfokal tarama mikroskobu ve spektroskopi 4,5 vasıtasıyla yara iyileşme sürecini incelemek yüksek hassasiyetli görüntüleme ve analiz araçları geliştirilmesini sağlamak. Ancak, bu görüntüleme teknikleri yüksek maliyet, karmaşık bir optik aletler ve işlemleri gerektirir, ve daha da önemlisi, hasta test sırasında hareketsiz hale gerekir. Bu nedenle, daha doğru, yara yönetimini sağlamak üzere, kolay kullanım, non-invazif, niceliksel, ucuz ve çok işlevli yeni cihaz ve sistemler için, bir ihtiyaç vardır.
Burada, sıcaklık ve termal Condu hassas, gerçek zamanlı haritalama sağlayan bir deri gibi elektronik sistemi tanıtmakctivity invaziv olmayan cihazın konformal laminasyon yoluyla Yaralı sitelerde ısıtma kesin bir seviyesi sağlar. Bu cihaz epidermis 6-9 teknolojisi, mekanik ve malzeme özelliklerine uyacak şekilde tasarlanmış deri monte epidermal elektronik sistemler (büküm sertliği, toplam kalınlığı, etkili modüllerden ve kütle yoğunluğu) sınıfını sunuyor.
Cihaz bir biyouyumlu, cilt dostu, su geçirmez tasarlanmış ve yıkanmış ve hastalar 10 klinik uygulamalar için dezenfekte edilebilir, yeniden kullanılabilir şeklidir. Yara dokuları yakınına monte konformal elektronik cihaz hidrasyon korelasyon sıcaklık 8 ve ısıl iletkenlik 13 kantitatif kayıt yoluyla, yaraya 11,12 kan akımının artması ve enzimatik reaksiyonların neden olduğu inflamasyon fazı (yara iyileşme sürecinin bir), yakalar . Deneysel ve sayısal çalışmalar accommod için en uygun mekanik tasarımı belirleyenDoğal hareketleri yedik ve mekanik kırık olmadan suşları uygulanan ve yüksek sadakat sinyallerin edinme sunan cilt yüzeyinde conformally laminantlar cilt gibi elektronik mekanik germe altında yatan fizik yakalamak.
Bu makalede açıklanan protokoller cihaz temizliği, klinik ortamda ekipman kurulumu ve deri yaraların üzerine sıcaklık ve ısı iletkenlik kantitatif izlenmesi için klinik uygulamalar dahil hazırlık test, deri gibi elektronik sistemler için mikrofabrikasyon yöntemlerini sunuyoruz.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
This article highlights the methods and protocols to fabricate a conformal, skin-like electronics system that enables conformal lamination near the wound tissues, which offers quantitative measurement of skin temperature and thermal conductivity mapping on the skin.
The key features include the utilization of novel techniques of materials transfer printing and hard-soft materials integration to design and develop the flexible/stretchable, soft electronic device. The use of biocompatible, elec…
Offenlegungen
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Bu çalışma Mühendislik Fakültesi, Virginia Commonwealth Üniversitesi ve elektronik cihazların bazı Wright Virginia Mikroelektronik Merkezi'nde mikroüretim tesislerinde hazırlanan dan başlangıç finansmanı ile desteklenmiştir. Biz yayınlanan makalede 10 edinilen cihaz ve klinik veriler (bu yazıda Şekil 3 ve 5), için katkılarda araştırmacıların kabul. Ismarlama, veri kayıt yazılımı W.-HY teşekkür Yoshiaki Hattori.
Materials
| 3" Silicon wafer | University Wafer, USA | N/A | Use as carrier to fabricate the device |
| Acetone | Fisher Scientific, USA | A18-1 | Use to clean a wafer and to remove photoresist |
| Isopropanol (IPA) | Fisher Scientific, USA | A459-1 | Use to clean a wafer |
| AZ4620 photoresist | AZ Electrionic Materials, USA | N/A | Use to make patterns on metals and polymers |
| AZ400K developer | AZ Electrionic Materials, USA | N/A | Use to develop AZ4620 photoresist |
| Chromium etchant | Transene, USA | 1020AC | Use to etch Cr layer of device |
| Copper etchant | Transene, USA | ASP-100 | Use to etch Cu layer of device |
| Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer Kit (PDMS) | Dow Corning, USA | 39100000 | Use as a substrate for 'dry' retrieval |
| PI2545 polyimide | HD MicroSystem, USA | N/A | Use to encapsulate metal layer |
| Solaris | Smooth-On, USA | N/A | Use as substrate and to encapsulate device |
| Petridish | Carolina, USA | 741255 | Use as mold to make substrate |
| Water-Soluble Wave Solder Tape 5414 | 3M, USA | AM000000217 | Use to retrive device from PDMS layer |
| High Activity Liquid Stainless Steel Flux | Worthington, USA | 331929 | Use to remove oxidation layer on Cu |
| Flexible, micro-film cable | Elform, USA | N/A (customized) | Use to make the electrical connection between the electronic device and the data acquisition system |
| pH Neutral Cleaner | Australian Gold, USA | N/A | Use as disinfectant solution to clean device in clinical testing |
| Solder | Kester, USA | 24-6337-9703 | Use as material to solder hard wires |
| Ultraviolet lamp | Cole-Parmer, USA | 97600-00 | Use to activate PDMS layer as hydrophilic surface |
| Multiplexer | FixYourBoard, USA | U802 | Use to acquire measurements from six sensing components |
| DC/AC current source | Keithley, USA | 6221 | Use to supply current |
| SMD Digital Hot Air Rework Station | Aoyue, China | 968A+ | Use to solder hard wires, to electrically connect between the device and external instruments |
| Infrared camera | FLIR, USA | 435-0001-01-00 | Use to take infrared images in experiment |
| Digital multimeter | Fluke, USA | 117 | Use to check electrical connection |
| Lock-in amplifier | Stanford Research System, USA | SR830 | Use to perform four-point-probe-measurement |
| Electron beam evaporator | 9 scale Vacuum Products, USA | N/A (customized) | Use to deposit thin films (Cu and SiO2) |
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