水凝胶的合成与防污性能作为膜的净水
Summary
This paper reports practical methods to prepare hydrogels in freestanding films and impregnated membranes and to characterize their physical properties, including water transport properties.
Abstract
水凝胶已被广泛利用，以提高水的净化膜的表面亲水性，增加了防污性，从而通过膜随时间获得稳定的水渗透性。在这里，我们报告一个浅显的方法来制备基于两性离子的膜应用的水凝胶。独立式的薄膜可以由磺基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯（SBMA）通过光聚合的聚交联剂（乙二醇）二丙烯酸酯（PEGDA）来制备。水凝胶也可通过浸渍制备成疏水性的多孔载体，以提高机械强度。这些膜可以通过衰减全反射傅立叶来表征变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）来确定（甲基）丙烯酸酯基团的转化程度，使用亲水性和差示扫描量热法（DSC）对聚合物链的动态测角器。我们还报告的协议，以确定死胡同FILTRA的透水性灰系统和污垢对膜性能的影响（牛血清白蛋白，BSA）。
Introduction
有一个非常需要开发低成本和高效节能技术，以满足日益增长的需求，产生干净的水。聚合物膜已成为一个领先的技术水净化由于其固有的优点，诸如它们的高的能量效率，成本低，简单并在操作1。膜允许纯水渗透通过而拒绝该污染物。然而，膜往往受到由在进料水中的污染物，其可以被吸附在膜表面上从它们的有利的相互作用2,3结垢。结垢可显着通过膜减少的水通量，增加所需要的薄膜面积和水净化的成本。
以减轻结垢的有效途径是修改膜表面以增加亲水性，从而降低在有利膜表面和污物之间teractions。一种方法是使用薄膜涂层具有超亲水3倍的水凝胶。水凝胶通常具有高的水渗透性;因此，薄膜涂层可以增加通过膜的长期水渗透率由于减轻的结垢，尽管在整个膜中的略微增加输送阻力。水凝胶也可以直接制作成用于水净化的浸渍膜渗透压应用4。
两性离子物质同时含有正和负电荷的官能团，具有净中性电荷，并且具有通过静电诱导的氢键5，6，7，8，9强表面水化。紧密结合的水化层用作物理和能垒，从而防止污物附着在表面上，因此证明优异的防污性10。两性离子聚合物，如聚（磺基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯）（PSBMA）和聚（羧基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯）（PCBMA），已被用于修饰膜表面通过涂布11，12，13，14，15，16，17，18，以增加表面亲水性，因此防污性。
我们在这里表明了容易的方法，以制备使用经由光聚合，这是使用聚（乙二醇）交联的磺基甜菜碱甲基丙烯酸酯（SBMA）两性离子水凝胶丙烯酸酯（PEGDA，m×n个 = 700克/摩尔），以改善机械强度。我们还提出一个过程通过在光聚合前的高度多孔疏水性载体含浸于单体和交联剂以构建健壮膜。独立式膜和浸渍膜的物理和水输送性质彻底特征在于阐明用于水净化的结构/性质关系。所制备的水凝胶可用于作为表面涂层，以提高膜的分离性能。通过调整交联密度或通过浸渍到疏水性多孔载体，这些材料也能形成薄膜，与用于渗透过程，诸如正向渗透或压力延迟渗透4足够的机械强度。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
我们已经证明了一个浅显的方法来制备独立电影和基于两性离子水凝胶浸渍膜。三（甲基）丙烯酸酯的特征峰的消失（ 即 ，810，1190，和1410厘米-1）在所得到的聚合物膜的红外光谱和含浸膜（ 图2）表示的单体和交联剂4的良好的转化率， 19，21。此外，该SO 3的外观–在光谱的膜和膜振…
Offenlegungen
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the Korean Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&D Center (KCRC).
Materials
| Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate Mn = 700 (PEGDA) | Sigma Aldrich | 455008 | |
| 1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 99% (HCPK) | Sigma Aldrich | 405612 | |
| [2-(Methacrloyloxy)ethyl dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide, 97% | Sigma Aldrich | 537284 | Acutely Toxic |
| Ethanol, 95% | Koptec, VWR International | V1101 | Flamable |
| Decane, anhydrous, 99% | Sigma Aldrich | 457116 | |
| Solupor Membrane | Lydall | 7PO7D | |
| Micrometer | Starrett | 2900-6 | |
| ATR-FTIR | Vertex 70 | ||
| DSC: TA Q2000 | TA Instruments | ||
| Rame’-hart Goniometer: Model 190 | Rame’-hart Instruments | ||
| Ultraviolet Crosslinker: CX-2000 | Ultra-Violet Products | UV radiation | |
| Permeation Cell: Model UHP-43 | Advantec MFS | ||
| Deionized Water: Milli-Q Water | EMD Millipore |
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