JoVE Journal > Biology
Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Ergebnisse
Discussion
Offenlegungen
Acknowledgements
Materials
Referenzen
Automatische Übersetzung
Please note that all translations are automatically generated. Click here for the English version.
Biologie

哺乳动物颅骨标本的牙齿和颞下颌关节病理学系统评估

Published: August 22, 2022
doi:
10.3791/64223
, ,
1Dentistry and Oral Surgery Service, William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine,University of California-Davis, 2Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine,University of California-Davis

Summary

本协议描述了用于系统评估颅骨标本的技术，以表征牙齿的解剖和发育变化和异常、牙周疾病、牙髓疾病和颞下颌关节病理学。

Abstract

博物馆头骨标本代表了一种非侵入性、信息丰富且现成的方法，用于研究许多哺乳动物物种的颞下颌关节 （TMJ） 病变、牙齿病理学和解剖变异。研究一系列物种的牙齿和颌骨可能是一个挑战，需要关注细节和理解物种的正常解剖结构。在本文中，讨论了用于检查头骨标本的系统且精确的方案，该方案已应用于各种哺乳动物，以定义口颌面部区域的特征性疾病。概述的程序同时精确，可重复，并适应不同物种的高度不同的头骨和牙齿形状以及解剖结构。具体而言，检查标本是否有牙齿缺失、牙周病、牙髓病、颞下颌关节病变和解剖变异。从博物馆标本研究中收集的结果可能反映了个体和物种的自然历史、健康和疾病状况。此外，这些数据可以为生态和保护研究工作以及圈养个体的护理提供信息。

Introduction

颌骨和牙齿的发育标志着脊椎动物进化发育的关键时间点。虽然颚最初是作为水生和海洋物种呼吸机制的一部分而发展起来的，但牙齿提供了一种捕捉和处理猎物的新方法1，2。自从颌骨和牙齿发育以来，生物体在解剖结构上已经进化出无数的变化，这些变化对应于它们的功能并反映了它们所属的生态作用。由于其矿化性质，牙齿和头骨代表了环境和化石记录中存在的大量信息，并且可以提供有关个人和物种的生态，健康状况和行为的无数见解。

获取有关动物牙齿和下颌的信息以及表征形式和病理学有很多好处。识别常见的疾病过程可以改善野生物种的保护工作，并优化对圈养动物的护理3，4，5。例如，从博物馆头骨标本中收集的信息已被用于推断波罗的海灰海豹（Halichoerus grypus）和海豹（Phoca vitulina）在一段时间内暴露于环境污染物（如有机氯）6，7，尽管口面部病变与污染物之间的因果关系尚未得到证实。此外，口腔疾病是家养物种中一些最普遍的疾病，了解野生物种的口腔健康状况可能会促进家养物种的临床医学和管理8，9。

由于动物在正常颅面形状和牙列方面已经发展出这种变化，因此在物种之间表征和比较这些方面可能具有挑战性。在尝试检查其头骨之前，了解生物体的生态学和自然行为以及其典型环境至关重要。这样做将推动关于特定物种牙列的问题和假设的形成，并不可避免地丰富数据分析的结论。例如，认识到南方海獭（Enhydra lutris nereis）的典型饮食包括硬壳软体动物，甲壳类动物和棘皮动物对于了解牙齿磨损和/或磨损的程度和影响至关重要10，11。虽然人们可以假设一个物种的个体会发展某些牙齿疾病的可能性，但有一个系统、精确和可重复的方案来评估牙科病理学是至关重要的。这应包括对闭塞、解剖和发育表现、牙周疾病、牙髓表现和颞下颌关节 （TMJ） 病理的评估。制定具有类似统计分析的此类协议将允许对不同物种的牙齿和颞下颌关节疾病进行详细比较。一种系统的方法已被用于表征许多哺乳动物物种的牙齿和颞下颌关节病理学，并已被证明可转化为具有不同形式的生物体11，12，13，14，15，16，17，18，19，20，21，22， 23，24.

为了比较其他物种的未来数据，重要的是要有一种公认的方法来评估可以应用于各种物种的牙齿和颌骨疾病。本文旨在详细介绍一种标准化和有组织的方法，用于评估颅骨标本的牙科和颞下颌关节病变。

Protocol

本研究使用来自旧金山加州科学院鸟类学和哺乳动物学系、加州大学伯克利分校脊椎动物学博物馆和阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校北方博物馆的标本进行。检查头骨标本和根据数据发表作品的许可是从拥有和管理每个藏品的博物馆获得的。 1. 试样选择和记录 记录标本信息，包括身份证号码、物种、性别和原产地。注意：特定馆藏中保存的标本数量以及…

Representative Results

目前的协议导致客观和半主观数据的结合，积极的结果取决于对标本的准确和可重复的评估。理想情况下，必须有多名了解目标物种正常解剖结构并了解一般牙齿和颌面部病理学的观察者在场，以评估每个标本，以系统地减少偏差。必须讨论每个标本的评估，并需要达成共识。为确保样本具有代表性，没有提出标本数量的阈值，但已发表的研究包括76至1，205人11，<sup clas…

Discussion

牙齿和颌骨的解剖结构是发散进化的典型例子，是物种自然历史、行为和健康状况的真实反映。一个人的口腔健康可能直接影响他们的生存和健康。目前的研究概述了一种系统、可重复和详细的方法来评估博物馆标本的牙齿健康和颞下颌关节异常，这些标本可能反映了活体人群的病理。

尽管牙齿疾病普遍影响着各种属的哺乳动物，但这一主题仍未得到充分探索。了解野生、?…

Offenlegungen

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

作者感谢旧金山加州科学院鸟类学和哺乳动物学系、加州大学伯克利分校脊椎动物学博物馆和阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校北方博物馆为这项研究提供他们的藏品。

Materials

Arctos Collaborative Collection Management Solution https://arctosdb.org
Disposible Nitrile Gloves
Double-Ended Dental Explorer/Probe, #2 Handle Hu Friedy 541-5860
High resolution digital camera
Light source
Magnifying glass (Optional)
Surgical Magnification Loupes (Optional) Surgitel EVC00TTL
DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

Referenzen

  1. Reif, W. E., Hecht, M. K. Evolution of Dermal Skeleton and Dentition in Vertebrates. Evolutionary Biology: Volume 15. , 287-368 (1982).
  2. Mallat, J. Ventilation and the origin of jawed vertebrates: A new mouth. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 117 (4), 329-404 (1996).
  3. Glatt, S. E., Francl, K. E., Scheels, J. L. A survey of current dental problems and treatments of zoo animals. International Zoo Yearbook. 42 (1), 206-213 (2008).
  4. Kapoor, V., Antonelli, T., Parkinson, J. A., Hartstone-Rose, A. Oral health correlates of captivity. Research in Veterinary Science. 107 (1), 213-219 (2016).
  5. Norton, B. B., Tunseth, D., Holder, K., Briggs, M. Causes of morbidity in captive African lions (Panthera leo) in North America, 2001-2016. Zoo Biology. 37 (5), 354-359 (2018).
  6. Bergman, A., Olsson, M., Reiland, S. Skull-bone lesions in the Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus). Ambio. 21 (8), 517-519 (1992).
  7. Mortensen, P., Bergman, A., Bignert, A., Hansen, H. J. Prevalence of skull lesions in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in Swedish and Danish museum collections: 1835-1988. Ambio. 21 (8), 520-524 (1992).
  8. Golden, A., Stoller, N., Harvey, C. A survey of oral and dental diseases in dogs anesthetized at a veterinary hospital. Journal American Animal Hospital Association. 18 (6), 891-899 (1982).
  9. Kortegaard, H. E., Eriksen, T., Baelum, V. Periodontal disease in research beagle dogs – An epidemiological study. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 49 (12), 610-616 (2008).
  10. Constantino, P. J., Lee, J. J. W., Morris, D., Lucas, P. W. Adaptation to hard-object feeding in sea otters and hominins. Journal of Human Evolution. 61 (1), 89-96 (2011).
  11. Winer, J. N., Liong, S. M., Verstraete, F. J. M. The dental pathology of Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 149 (2-3), 346-355 (2013).
  12. Abbott, C., Verstraete, F. J. M. The dental pathology of Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 132 (2-3), 169-178 (2005).
  13. Aalderink, M. T., Nguyen, H. P., Kass, P. H., Arzi, B., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the Northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 152 (4), 325-334 (2015).
  14. Aalderink, M. T., Nguyen, H. P., Kass, P. H., Arzi, B., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the Eastern Pacific harbour seal (Phoca vitulina richardii). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 152 (4), 335-344 (2015).
  15. Sinai, N. L., Dadaian, R. H., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental pathology of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 151 (1), 113-121 (2014).
  16. Winer, J. N., Arzi, B., Leale, D. M., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental pathology of the hoary marmot (Marmota caligata), groundhog (Marmota monax) and Alaska marmot (Marmota broweri). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 156 (1), 42-52 (2017).
  17. Clark, E. J., Chesnutt, S. R., Winer, J. N., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the American black bear (Ursus americanus). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 156 (2-3), 240-250 (2017).
  18. Döring, S., Arzi, B., Winer, J. N., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the grey wolf (Canis lupus). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 160 (1), 56-70 (2018).
  19. Aghashani, A., Kim, A. S., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental pathology of the California bobcat (Lynx rufus californicus). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 154 (4), 329-340 (2016).
  20. Winer, J. N., Arzi, B., Leale, D. M., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the walrus (Odobenus rosmarus). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 155 (2-3), 242-253 (2016).
  21. Aghashani, A., Kim, A. S., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the California mountain lion (Puma concolor couguar). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 156 (2-3), 251-263 (2017).
  22. Evenhuis, J. V., Zisman, I., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental pathology of the grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 158 (1), 39-50 (2018).
  23. Yanagisawa, N., Wilson, R. E., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Dental and temporomandibular joint pathology of the kit fox (Vulpes macrotis). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 167 (1), 60-72 (2019).
  24. Arzi, B., Winer, J. N., Kass, P. H., Verstraete, F. J. M. Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint in Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis). Journal of Comparative Pathology. 149 (4), 486-494 (2013).
  25. Briggs, K. T. Dentition of the Northern elephant seal. Journal of Mammalogy. 55 (1), 158-171 (1974).
  26. Verstraete, F. J. M., Terpak, C. H. Anatomical variations in the dentition of the domestic cat. Journal of Veterinary Dentistry. 14 (4), 137-140 (1997).
  27. Fritzell, E. K., Haroldson, K. J. Urocyon cinereoargenteus. Mammalian Species. 189, 1-8 (1982).
  28. Chiasson, R. B. The dentition of the Alaskan fur seal. Journal of Mammalogy. 38 (3), 310-319 (1957).
  29. Kenyon, K. W. The sea otter in the eastern Pacific Ocean. North American Fauna. 68, (1969).
  30. McGrew, J. C. Vulpes macrotis. Mammalian Species. 123, 1-6 (1979).
  31. Evans, H. E. . Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog. , (2013).
  32. Verstraete, F. J. M., van Aarde, R. J., Nieuwoudt, B. A., Mauer, E., Kass, P. H. The dental pathology of feral cats on Marion Island, part II: Periodontitis, external odontoclastic resorption lesions and mandibular thickening. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 115 (3), 283-297 (1996).
  33. Verstraete, F. J. M., van Aarde, R. J., Nieuwoudt, B. A., Mauer, E., Kass, P. H. The dental pathology of feral cats on marion island, part I: Congenital, developmental and traumatic abnormalities. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 115 (3), 265-282 (1996).
  34. Arzi, B., Cissell, D. D., Verstraete, F. J. M., Kass, P. H. Computed tomographic findings in dogs and cats with temporomandibular joint disorders: 58 cases (2006-2011). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 242 (1), 69-75 (2013).
  35. Okuda, A., Harvey, C. E. Etiopathogenesis of feline dental resorptive lesions. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 22 (6), 1385-1404 (1992).
  36. van Houte, J. Role of micro-organisms in caries etiology. Journal of Dental Research. 73 (3), 672-681 (1994).
  37. Thrall, D. E. . Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. , (2012).
  38. Tsugawa, A. J., Verstraete, F. J. M. How to obtain and interpret periodontal radiographs in dogs. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice. 15 (4), 204-210 (2000).
  39. Villamizar-Martinez, L. A., Tsugawa, A. J. Diagnostic imaging of oral and maxillofacial anatomy and pathology. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 52 (1), 67-105 (2022).
  40. Plesker, R., Schulze, H. Dental disease in slender lorises (Loris tardigradus). Zoo Biology. 32 (5), 571-574 (2013).
  41. Cabana, F., Nekaris, K. A. I. Diets high in fruits and low in gum exudates promote the occurrence and development of dental disease in pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus). Zoo Biology. 34 (6), 547-553 (2015).
  42. Kahle, P., Ludolphy, C., Kierdorf, H., Kierdorf, U. Dental anomalies and lesions in Eastern Atlantic harbor seals, Phoca vitulina vitulina (Carnivora, Phocidae), from the German North Sea. PLoS One. 13 (10), 1-25 (2018).
  43. Ludolphy, C., Kahle, P., Kierdorf, H., Kierdorf, U. Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint in the Eastern Atlantic harbour seal (Phoca vitulina vitulina) from the German North Sea: A study of the lesions seen in dry bone. BMC Veterinary Research. 14 (1), 1-14 (2018).

Tags

Keywords: Dental PathologyTemporomandibular Joint (TMJ)Mammalian SkullCranial SuturesDental AnatomyTooth LossDeciduous TeethSupernumerary TeethDental ExaminationScientific MethodologyCollaborative ResearchVeterinary EducationEvolutionary BiologyEcology
check_url/de/64223?article_type=t

Play Video
PDF
DOI
DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST
Diesen Artikel zitieren
Evenhuis, J., Arzi, B., Verstraete, F. J. M. Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology. J. Vis. Exp. (186), e64223, doi:10.3791/64223 (2022).
Zitat herunterladen
Nachdrucke und Berechtigungen

View Video

✖

To prove you're not a robot, please enter the text in the image below

CAPTCHA Image
Play CAPTCHA Audio
Refresh Image