JoVE Journal > Medicine
Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Resultados
Discussion
Divulgaciones
Acknowledgements
Materials
Referencias
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Medicina

猪的臂动脉插管

Published: March 30, 2019
doi:
10.3791/59365
, , , ,
1Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science,University of Alberta, 2Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute,University of Alberta, 3Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network,University of Alberta, 4Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,University of Alberta, 5Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery,University of Alberta, 6Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,University of Alberta

Summary

视频详细介绍了猪远端臂部动脉的导尿。此过程准确地测量动脉血压, 是一种简单而快速的方法来收集样本, 用于动脉血气测量。

Abstract

视频详细介绍了猪远端臂部动脉的导尿。这项技术使研究人员能够持续测量动脉血压, 并收集动脉血样, 以评估动脉血气测量。动脉血压和动脉血气是实验过程中监测的重要生理参数。在猪中, 介绍了四种常见的动脉导管插入方法, 包括颈动脉导尿、股骨、耳系和内隐动脉。这些技术中的每一种都有其优点, 例如耳廓动脉容易进入, 缺点包括颈动脉导管插入术的深层组织解剖。描述的猪动脉导管插入的替代方法, 臂部动脉远端的导管插入术, 是一个快速的程序, 需要相对较少的组织解剖, 并提供与数据一致的信息从其他动脉导管插入点收集。该程序使用内侧方法沿下臂的斜平面, 位于鹰嘴和肘关节的屈曲方面之间, 这种方法允许研究人员的主要优势, 不受阻碍的自由的程序, 涉及猪的尾端、肩背背或后肢。由于导尿管血管上前肢的位置以及导管从动脉中取出后有效稳态的潜在挑战, 这种技术可能仅限于非恢复程序。

Introduction

手术干预被用于实验研究, 以开发促进科学发展的动物模型。科学文献中充满了新的外科动物模型1,2,3的例子。手术是一个复杂的过程, 不仅涉及解剖结构的操作, 而且涉及复杂的生理相互作用与麻醉和镇痛所需的各种药物。这种相互作用会引起动物体内生理过程的重大变化, 因此需要对动物4进行警惕监测。临床上成功的手术结果与动脉血气和动脉血压的测量有关 5。这些临床参数需要能够测量动脉血压和有效收集动脉血液, 这反过来又需要动脉6,7的成功导尿。

动脉导管插入收集动脉血液和测量压力已用于各种动物物种5,6,7, 8,9, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21和在动物在不同的发展年龄 19,20,21并且被指挥了恢复 (临床和诊断) 规程4,5, 6、7、8和非回收 (实验) 程序14、15、16、17、18。此外, 在选择动脉血液测量时, 动脉通畅和动脉位置在外科手术中的位置也是重要的考虑因素。例如, 狗的中位尾动脉和马的面部动脉, 以及狗和马的踏板动脉, 用于在恢复过程6,7,8. 相反, 猪的颈动脉和股动脉经常被导尿, 用于非恢复或长期导管植入实验14、15、18。

在猪中, 用于测量动脉血压或聚集动脉血液的动脉导管插入术通常采用颈动脉、股骨、内侧隐或耳动脉22,23。对于专门的非常规手术, 其他更不寻常的动脉, 包括锁骨下动脉和胫骨动脉, 分别用于测量臂部动脉解剖扭转17和图像主动脉 16。无论选择哪种动脉进行导尿, 每个动脉都有其使用的固有优点和缺点。例如, 耳动脉在解剖上很容易进入, 但它的使用可能仅限于其接近边缘耳脉 11,12。相比之下, 颈动脉是相对较大和稳健的24, 但它位于颈静脉沟深处, 需要实质性的组织解剖25。因此, 确定另一个动脉, 可以导管测量动脉压力和收集动脉血液是必要的。这段视频和手稿详细地描述了猪远端臂动脉的导尿, 这是一种可应用于非恢复过程的技术。值得注意的是, 猪臂动脉导尿用于测量腰椎手术中的动脉血压和动脉血气参数与后肢测量 (这部分手术的数据没有提供)。

Protocol

视频和手稿中描述的所有实验动物程序都得到了阿尔伯塔大学动物护理和使用机构委员会的批准 1. 猪的外科麻醉和手术准备。 用含有盐酸氯胺酮 (22 mg/kg)、盐酸木唑嗪 (2.2 mg/kg) 和盐酸甘油酯 (10μgkg) 的麻醉药物鸡尾酒对50公斤的 landrace-yorkshire 商业猪进行肌肉注射。 在靠近猪头的桌子末端设置所有与监测临床参数有关的设备。确保设备不会限制对猪的访问。通?…

Representative Results

臂动脉导尿允许持续监测动脉血压和间歇性采样动脉血液在延长手术程序在猪。测量的参数是从7头50公斤的兰德拉克-约克郡商业猪收集的。从最初的动脉登陆到最后的手术切口闭合, 将臂部动脉导尿所需的总时间为35.2±4.4 分钟 (图 1)。动脉压力测量超过 120分钟, 收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压力分别为102.99±1.76、61.2 ±0.92 和74.8±0.89 毫米汞柱 (<strong clas…

Discussion

动脉导管插入测量动脉血压和收集血液样本的动脉血气测量已建立在广泛的动物物种5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,<s…

Divulgaciones

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

这项工作得到了加拿大卫生研究所和加拿大创新基金会向 V. k. Mushahwar 提供的赠款的支持。A. Toossi 得到了 Vanier 加拿大研究生奖学金、艾伯塔省创新—-健康解决方案研究生奖学金和伊丽莎白二世女王研究生奖学金的支持。Mushahwar 是加拿大功能恢复研究主席。我们要感谢莫斯街制作公司 j. stack 先生在音频制作方面的帮助, 并感谢外科医学研究所的工作人员在手术方面的帮助。

Materials

0.9% NaCl (Saline) Solution EMRN JB1322P 1 x1 liter bag
10% Lidocaine spray AstraZeneca DIN:02039508 / 1 x  50 ml  bottle
10% Povidone-Iodine scrub Purdue Pharma 521232 1 x 500 ml bottle 
20 ga 1-inch angiocatheter Becton Dickinson 381433 1 x angiocatheter
2-0 polyglactin suture (Vicryl) Ethicon J339H 2-0 vicryl / 1 packet of suture
2-0 polypropylene suture (Prolene)  Ethicon 8833H 2-0 prolene / 1 packet of suture
22 ga 1-inch angiocatheter Becton Dickinson 381423 1 x angiocatheter
9 ID mm endotracheal tube Jorvet J0835P 1 x endotracheal tube
Arterial blood pressure IV line Argon Medical Devices 112411 1 x arterial blood pressure IV line
Disposable drapes Halyard Sales LLC 89731 4-8 x disposable drapes 
Glycopyrrolate hydrochloride  Sandoz DIN:02039508 / 1 x 20ml vial
Isoflurane Abbott Animal  Health 05260-5 1 x 250ml bottle
Kelly forceps-curved (14cm) Stevens 162-7-38 8-10  instruments
Ketamine hydrochloride Vetoquinol DIN:02374994 / 1 x 10ml vial
Lactated Ringer's Solution Hospira 0409-7953-09 4 x1 liter bag
Metzenbaum scissors Fine Science 14518-18
Miller laryngoscope blade Welch Allyn 68044 182 mm length  / 1 instrument
Nasal temperature probe Surgivet V3417 1 probe
Needle Drivers Stevens 162-V98-42 2 instruments
Q tip applicators Fisher Scientific 22-037-960 20-40  app
Remifentanil hydrochloride TEVA DIN:0234432 / 1 mg vial
Surgivet advisor: Vital signs monitor Surgivet V9203 1 monitor
Weitlaner retractor Stevens 162-11-602  2 retractors
Xylazine hydrochloride Bayer DIN:02169606 1 x 50ml bottle
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Tags

Keywords: Brachial ArteryCatheterizationSwineArterial Blood PressureArterial Blood GasAnesthesiaPremedicationInhalational AnesthesiaAnalgesiaMedian NervePolyglactin SuturesCatheter
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Uwiera, R. R., Toossi, A., Everaert, D. G., Uwiera, T. C., Mushahwar, V. K. Brachial Artery Catheterization in Swine. J. Vis. Exp. (145), e59365, doi:10.3791/59365 (2019).
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