University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland 1 article published in JoVE Bioengineering Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases Erika Cosset*1, Manon Locatelli*2, Antoine Marteyn2, Pierre Lescuyer3, Florence Dall Antonia3, Flavio Maurizio Mor4, Olivier Preynat-Seauve5, Luc Stoppini4, Vannary Tieng2 1Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Translational Research Center in Onco-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 2Department of Pathology and Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Geneva, 3Laboratory of Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Geneva University Hospitals, 4Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Hepia/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, 5Laboratory of Experimental cell therapy, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals This study introduces and describes protocols to derive two specific human neural organoids as a relevant and accurate model for studying 1) human glioblastoma development within human neural organoids exclusively in humans and 2) neuron dopaminergic differentiation generating a three-dimensional organoid.