Research Institute of Molecular Pathology 2 articles published in JoVE Neuroscience A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations Valerio Conti*1, Aurelie Carabalona*2,3,15, Emilie Pallesi-Pocachard2,3,4, Richard J. Leventer5,6,7, Fabienne Schaller2,3,8, Elena Parrini1, Agathe A. Deparis2,3, Françoise Watrin2,3, Emmanuelle Buhler2,3,8, Francesca Novara9, Stefano Lise10, Alistair T. Pagnamenta10, Usha Kini11, Jenny C. Taylor10, Orsetta Zuffardi9,12, Alfonso Represa2,3, David Antony Keays13, Renzo Guerrini1,14, Antonio Falace2,3, Carlos Cardoso2,3 1University of Florence, 2INSERM INMED, 3Aix-Marseille University, 4Plateforme Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire INMED, 5 Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is the most common form of malformation of cortical development (MCD) in adulthood but its genetic basis remains unknown in most sporadic cases. We have recently developed a strategy to identify novel candidate genes for MCDs and to directly confirm their causative role in vivo. Neuroscience Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory Tom S. Koemans1,2,3, Cornelia Oppitz4, Rogier A. T. Donders5, Hans van Bokhoven1,3, Annette Schenck1,3, Krystyna Keleman6, Jamie M. Kramer7,8 1Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 2Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, 3Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University, 4Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria, 5Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, 6Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 7Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 8Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Western University This protocol describes a Drosophila learning and memory assay called courtship conditioning. This classic assay is based on a reduction of male courtship behavior after sexual rejection by a non-receptive premated female. This natural form of behavioral plasticity can be used to test learning, short-term memory, and long-term memory.