Kemirgenler Faaliyet teker Running kayıt ve Sirkadiyen Rhythms Analizi
Summary
Circadian rhythms in voluntary wheel-running activity in mammals are tightly coupled to the molecular oscillations of a master clock in the brain. As such, these daily rhythms in behavior can be used to study the influence of genetic, pharmacological, and environmental factors on the functioning of this circadian clock.
Abstract
When rodents have free access to a running wheel in their home cage, voluntary use of this wheel will depend on the time of day1-5. Nocturnal rodents, including rats, hamsters, and mice, are active during the night and relatively inactive during the day. Many other behavioral and physiological measures also exhibit daily rhythms, but in rodents, running-wheel activity serves as a particularly reliable and convenient measure of the output of the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. In general, through a process called entrainment, the daily pattern of running-wheel activity will naturally align with the environmental light-dark cycle (LD cycle; e.g. 12 hr-light:12 hr-dark). However circadian rhythms are endogenously generated patterns in behavior that exhibit a ~24 hr period, and persist in constant darkness. Thus, in the absence of an LD cycle, the recording and analysis of running-wheel activity can be used to determine the subjective time-of-day. Because these rhythms are directed by the circadian clock the subjective time-of-day is referred to as the circadian time (CT). In contrast, when an LD cycle is present, the time-of-day that is determined by the environmental LD cycle is called the zeitgeber time (ZT).
Although circadian rhythms in running-wheel activity are typically linked to the SCN clock6-8, circadian oscillators in many other regions of the brain and body9-14 could also be involved in the regulation of daily activity rhythms. For instance, daily rhythms in food-anticipatory activity do not require the SCN15,16 and instead, are correlated with changes in the activity of extra-SCN oscillators17-20. Thus, running-wheel activity recordings can provide important behavioral information not only about the output of the master SCN clock, but also on the activity of extra-SCN oscillators. Below we describe the equipment and methods used to record, analyze and display circadian locomotor activity rhythms in laboratory rodents.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Monitoring daily activity rhythms using running wheels is the most commonly used and reliable method for assessing the output of the master circadian clock in nocturnal rodents. Wheel-running activity, however, is only one of many aspects of behavior and physiology that can be monitored continuously. Although the vast majority of running-wheel activity occurs during the night, over 30% of the total wakefulness occurs during the daytime25,26. Other endpoints can be used to assess circadian rhythms, including ge…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge salary awards, equipment grants, and operating funds from the Fonds de la recherche en santé Québec (FRSQ), Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), and the Concordia University Research Chairs Program (CRUC), as well as the thoughtful feedback on this manuscript from Dr. Jane Stewart.
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments (optional) |
| Vitalview Card & Software | Mini Mitter | #855-0030-00 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| DP24 Dataport | Mini Mitter | #840-0024-00 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| QA4-Module | Mini Mitter | #130-0050-00 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| Magnetic Switch | Mini Mitter | #130-0015-00 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| C-50 Cable assembly | Mini Mitter | #060-0045-10 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| Rat running wheel assembly | Mini Mitter | #640-0700-00 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| Cage and tray support | Mini Mitter | #640-0400-00 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| Useable cut away cage | Mini Mitter | #664-2154-00 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| Grid floor for cage | Mini Mitter | #676-2154-00 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| Waste tray | Mini Mitter | #684-2154-00 | (Bend, OR, USA) |
| Lamp housing | Microlites Scientific | #R-101 | (Toronto, ON, Canada) |
| 4W Fluorescent lamps | Microlites Scientific | #F4T5/CW | (Toronto, ON, Canada) |
| Isolation chambers | Custom built | 28″H x 20″W x 28″D ½” Black Melamine. |
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