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Sciences du comportement

在阿斯伯格综合症情绪面孔的自觉和不自觉的交涉

Published: July 31, 2016
doi:
10.3791/53962
, , , , ,
1Institute of Statistical Science,Academia Sinica, 2Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 3Department of Psychology,Fo Guang University, 4Department of Electrical Engineering,Fu Jen Catholic University, 5State Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, 6Novosibirsk State University, 7Imaging Research Center,Taipei Medical University

Summary

脑电图实验方案旨在澄清情绪面孔的有意识和无意识表示之间的相互作用患者阿斯伯格综合征。该技术表明，患者阿斯伯格综合症有情绪面孔的不自觉的表现赤字，但在与健康对照组有意识的表现相当的性能。

Abstract

几个神经影像学研究表明，在一个情感面低空间频率内容主要激活杏仁核，枕，和上丘尤其是可怕的面孔1-3。这些区域构成在情绪非意识知觉边缘结构和直接或间接2调节皮质活动。与此相反，情绪的意识表示是前扣带，前额叶皮层，并且在面3,4-引导自愿注重细节躯体感觉皮层更加明显。阿斯伯格综合症（AS）5,6代表是影响感官，情感和交际能力，没有正常的语言能力和智力干扰非典型的精神困扰。一些研究发现，在神经回路功能缺损面部情感识别重要的是可以部分地解释社会交往失败AS患者7-9。为了阐明在AS情绪面孔的有意识和无意识表示之间的相互作用，脑电图实验协议被设计与涉及任一照片或画线面的情绪评价两个任务。试点研究介绍了选择面对刺激，最大限度地减少与AS和IQ /性别匹配的健康对照组的反应时间并分配到预测试的患者之间的面部情感分数的差异。从预测试患者信息是用于开发用于情绪评价评分系统。研究面部情绪和不同空间频率内容的视觉刺激已达取决于参与者的人口特征差异的结果和任务要求2。实验方案旨在澄清AS病人赤字加工情绪面孔时，与正常对照组相比，通过控制因素Ş无关识别面部情绪，比如任务难度，智商和性别。

Introduction

面部情感识别是一家从事社会交往中最重要的大脑过程之一。各种精神障碍都涉及到面部的情绪4-6明确的检测问题。一个面的照片包含可被过滤为任一高空间频率（HSF）或低空间频率（LSF）内容的空间信息的频谱。 HSF涉及的图像的非常详细的部分，如一个面的边缘，而LSF涉及较粗或更少明确定义的部分，如一个整体脸LSF内容物7。任何脸部识别任务同时诱导意识和非意识过程8-12，和非意识的过程的参与150-250毫秒后发病间隔甚至更早13发生。在健康对照中，非意识的过程一般比自觉的过程14,15更快。一些神经影像学研究表明，在面部的刺激（或动机上显著刺激）的LSF主要激活杏仁核，丘脑枕，和上丘尤其是可怕的面孔3,16。这些区域构成在情绪非意识知觉边缘结构和直接或间接地1调节皮质活动。与此相反，情绪意识表示是前扣带，前额叶皮层，并且在面对9,17,18导向自愿注重细节躯体感觉皮层更加明显。

阿斯伯格综合症（AS）19,20表示影响感官，情感和交际能力，没有正常的语言能力和智力干扰非典型的精神困扰。一些研究发现，在神经回路功能缺损面部情感识别重要的是可以部分解释社会交往失败的AS 21-25。在儿童观察行为障碍可诊断前三年的生活26，在这一期间，他们在自愿的行为（或意识）控制没有完全开发27。在成人中，行为障碍可以通过注意第28条补偿。在一定的空间频率范围内难以处理的细节可以指示在不同的信息处理阶段中断。到目前为止，还没有研究直接涉及特定的空间频率范围的脸刺激情绪认知期间讨论的诱发电位和AS病人振荡的活动。当通过控制任务的需求和人口的效果，如性别和IQ处理具有不同的空间频率内容的面部刺激过程中与健康对照相比检查患者的AS功能轨迹是重要的。

为了澄清间情绪面孔的自觉和不自觉的表示之间发挥，脑电图实验方案的设计比较脑诱发患者之间的电位和振荡活动与AS和IQ /性别匹配的健康对照。参加试点的队列是为了促进业绩的评价AS患者脑电图实验与实验刺激和评分系统的开发选择援助之前招募。该协议包括涉及任一照片或画线面的情绪评价两个任务。两组之间的差异可以通过计算事件相关电位和事件相关谱扰动（ERSPs）进行评估。在接下来的部分中，实验方案的细节阐述，包括试点研究和脑电图数据处理/分析方法，接着由主分析结果。最后，在协议中的关键步骤和其相对于现有的意义讨论的方法。限制和协议的可能延长患者使用其他情绪障碍也指出。

Protocol

伦理学声明：涉及人类受试者的程序已批准由人类参与研究伦理委员会/机构审查委员会中央研究院，台湾。 1.刺激和实验程序准备准备的60多情绪正面照片29分为三个面部表情（愤怒，快乐，中性）的游泳池。使用图形软件在与黑色背景的照片，以屏蔽掉的头发和耳朵的部件， 如图1A所示 ，使参与者能够集中精力在照片的面部特征。 打开图形软件的照片。…

Representative Results

平均口头和性能智商列于表1的控制和AS的平均反应时间和分配给两组面情绪平均分数沿基。在表中，没有一个组间差异实现除了在线描绘任务，其中的基团具有接近零（P <0.001）13的平均得分的中立面统计学意义。有趣的是，AS组仍然有稍长的反应时间比对照组在应对愤怒和幸福的笑脸，和更短的反应时间，甚至性别，智商和面部的刺激实验控…

Discussion

文学性的识别面部情绪的自闭症患者脑电图反应44的分析研究，并在识别高，低空间频率内容使用的视觉刺激43。据我们所知，然而，缺乏对大脑活动的振荡现有工作相结合的情感识别具有不同空间频率的内容。我们的协议是朝着估算AS患者与健康对照相比，情绪（正，中性和负面）和对识别的情绪的空间频率信息（照片和线图）的影响的第一个步骤。我们在空间，时间和频率域脑…

Divulgations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by grants MOST102-2410-H-001-044 and MOST103-2410-H-001-058-MY2 to M. Liou, and RSF-14-15-00202 to A.N. Savostyanov. The support of Russian Science Foundation (RSF) was used for elaboration of experimental paradigm of face recognition.

Materials

Synamps 2/RT 128-channel EEG/EP/ERP Neuroscan
Quik-CapEEG 128 electrodes Neuroscan
Gel Quik-Gel
FASTRAK 3D digitizer Polhemus 
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Tags

Keywords: Asperger’s SyndromeEmotional Face ProcessingEEG ExperimentConscious And Non-conscious RepresentationsSocial Communication DeficitsFace StimuliEmotion EvaluationLine DrawingsEdge DetectionImage Processing
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Chien, V. S. C., Tsai, A. C., Yang, H. H., Tseng, Y., Savostyanov, A. N., Liou, M. Conscious and Non-conscious Representations of Emotional Faces in Asperger’s Syndrome. J. Vis. Exp. (113), e53962, doi:10.3791/53962 (2016).
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