Inductie en beoordeling van exertionele Skeletal spierbeschadiging in Humans
Summary
This article describes a safe and reliable method to induce and quantify exertional skeletal muscle damage in human subjects.
Abstract
Krimp veroorzaakte spierschade via vrijwillige excentrieke (verlenging) contracties biedt een uitstekend model voor het bestuderen van de spieren aanpassing en herstel van de mens. Hierin bespreken we het ontwerp van een excentrieke oefening protocol op schade in de quadriceps spieren, gekenmerkt door veranderingen in kracht, pijn, en plasma creatine kinase niveaus veroorzaken. Deze werkwijze is eenvoudig, ethische en breed toepasbaar omdat het wordt uitgevoerd bij proefpersonen en elimineert de interspecies vertaling van de resultaten. Subjects uitvoeren 300 maximale excentrische contracties van de knie extensoren met een snelheid van 120 ° / sec op een isokinetische dynamometer. De omvang van de schade is meetbaar met behulp van relatief niet-invasieve isokinetische en isometrische maatregelen van kracht verlies, pijn, en plasma creatine kinase niveaus gedurende een aantal dagen na de oefening. Derhalve kan de toepassing worden gericht op specifieke populaties in een poging om de mechanismen voor spier identificerenaanpassing en regeneratie.
Introduction
The overall goal of this procedure is to induce exertional damage to the quadriceps femoris muscles using voluntary lengthening (eccentric) contractions in human subjects.
Contraction-induced skeletal muscle damage is a common consequence of exercise that is marked by delayed onset muscle soreness1, transient strength loss, and elevated muscle-specific enzymes in the blood2. Exertional muscle damage is most pronounced following exercise to which the subject is unaccustomed, particularly when eccentric contractions are involved3. Exertional muscle damage is typically benign. Soreness subsides, and both serum proteins and strength typically return to pre-damage levels within a few days to weeks after the damaging insult. In extreme cases, exertional muscle damage can lead to a life-threatening syndrome know as rhabdomyolysis. However, exertional muscle damage is usually insufficient to cause clinical rhabdomyolysis in healthy individuals4 in the absence of compounding factors including heat stress, dehydration5, infection6 or rare genetic predispositions7.
Contraction-induced muscle damage is typically less severe than toxin-induced or freezing-induced injury, methods often used in rodent studies8,9. Yet, contraction-induced injury provides a useful method to study the muscle damage response with notable advantages. First, it is a safe and ethical method for use with human subjects1-3. Thus, interspecies translation of the results is not needed as data can be obtained directly from human subjects. Moreover, translating data obtained from rodent studies is very difficult given that the severity of injury seen in the rodent injury models exceeds the level of damage that would be ethical to induce in human subjects. Second, contraction-induced damage is commonly experienced and a natural process of exercise. Therefore, this mode of damage induction is useful for studying muscle damage in the context of exercise, adaptation to exercise as well as overt muscle injury. Here we describe a safe and reliable method to induce and evaluate skeletal muscle damage using lengthening contractions in humans.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Verschillende stappen zijn cruciaal voor het verkrijgen van de gewenste resultaten van dit protocol. Ten eerste moet onderwerpen voldoende vertrouwd op de contractie protocollen, met name de krachtmetingen. Zorg ervoor dat het onderwerp begrijpt precies wat ze verwacht wordt en geef ze een kans om de sterkte testen voorafgaand aan het verzamelen van gegevens te oefenen. Onderwerpen die niet voldoende vertrouwd met deze procedures kan een leercurve in de dagen na de schade inductie tonen. Dit kan een verwarrende variabel…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors have no acknowledgements.
Materials
| Biodex Dynomometer | Biodex Medical Systems | 850-000 | Other models are available and should produce similar results |
| Creatine Kinase kit | Sigma-Aldrich | MAK116 | |
| Serum Vacutainers | BD Bioscience | 367812 | |
| Winged safety push button blood collection set | BD Bioscience | 367338 | |
| Cryogenic vials | Sigma-Aldrich | V5007 | We use the 2mL vials to store serum aliquots |
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