植物素条件下的普通话树强制开花
Summary
在这里, 我们提出了一个协议, 以迫使开花在柑橘树在植物素管剂条件下。水分胁迫、高照度和模拟的春季光周期使其能够在短时间内获得可行的花。这种方法允许研究人员在1年内有几个开花期。
Abstract
植物技术已被广泛用于评估许多参数对许多物种发育的影响。然而, 关于如何实现快速大量开花的年轻果树与这个植物生长室的信息较少。本研究旨在概述一种快速清晰的方法的设计和性能, 以迫使在年轻的普通话树 (cv. nova 和 cv. Clemenules) 开花, 并分析诱导强度对花序类型的影响。在植物管中, 短的水分胁迫期与模拟的春季条件 (13小时、22°c、夜间11小时、12°c) 相结合, 允许在实验开始后68-72天后才能获得鲜花。低温要求已被水胁迫充分取代。花的反应与水分胁迫成正比 (以落叶的数量来衡量): 诱导越大, 花的数量就越大。花诱导强度也影响花期类型和日期的开花。详细介绍了人工照明 (流明)、光周期、温度、植物大小和年龄、诱导策略和每个阶段的天数。从果树上获取鲜花, 也每年多次, 对研究人员来说可以有很多好处。根据本文提出的方法, 每年可以强制使用三个甚至四个花期, 研究人员应该能够决定何时以及他们将知道整个过程的持续时间。该方法可用于: 花卉生产和离体花粉萌发检测;对影响早期果实发育阶段的害虫进行试验;对果实生理改变的研究。所有这些都可以帮助植物育种者缩短时间, 获得雄性和雌性配子进行强迫杂交。
Introduction
植物素已被广泛用于评估许多参数对许多草本植物和球茎植物发育的影响。在植物条件下, 对水稻1、百合2、草莓3和许多其他4种进行了评价。还对森林树木进行了室内试验, 以评估臭氧对幼山毛榉 5、6的敏感性, 并评估温度对苏格兰人松松和挪威云杉幼苗霜冻硬化的影响.关于如何通过生长室获得幼果树快速大量开花的信息较少。
柑橘树的开花及其与许多内生和外源因素的关系早已得到广泛的研究。温度8, 水的供应量 9, 碳水化合物10, 生长素和赤霉素含量11,12, 脱落酸 13, 以及许多其他影响柑橘生殖系统的因素已研究。研究了甜橙 (柑橘x -奥斯贝克)14、15的温度和光周期对花萌发的影响。在这些实验中, 采用了长电感条件 (15°c 时 5周), 在拍摄过程中的温度影响了14型花序.在柑橘开花期间, “花序” 一词已被应用于所有类型的花的生长, 产生于腋芽, 如 reece16。
有一个明确的精确方法来在短时间内和春天以外的其他时间强迫开花, 可以为研究人员提供许多优势。如果拯救热带地区, 果树的开花每年只开花一次, 这限制了可以做的实验的数量。
通过强迫方法获得的花可以用于各种各样的实验: 在任何一个月的17 获得可行的花粉体外生长和萌发实验;对影响早期果实发育阶段的害虫进行实验, 甚至在花瓣掉落之前, 如pezothrips kellyanus bagnall18或 prays citri Millière19;研究温度、化学处理、天敌或只是昆虫饲养的影响;评估多种因素对干扰果实早期发育阶段的生理变化的影响, 如甜橙20、21中的 “折痕”; 帮助植物育种者缩短时间, 获得雄性和雌性配子进行强迫杂交。
本文概述了一种快速清晰的方法的设计和性能, 以迫使开花的幼汉树 (cv. nova 和 cv. Clemenules), 并分析诱导强度对花序类型的影响。为实现这一主要目标, 提供了关于人工照明 (流明)、光周期、温度、植物大小和年龄、诱导策略、诱导天数、发芽天数、开花天数以及每个品种的花量总量的详细信息。还记录了水分胁迫的诱发强度, 并与花序类型、日期和花的数量有关。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
有可能迫使年轻的柑橘树开花 (只有 2岁) 迅速和在任何时候与丰富的花卉生产 (约216朵花每棵树)。在以前的研究 14,15, 花的启动是由低温和这个过程持续约120天。在植物管网中, 短的水分胁迫期与春季条件相结合, 使这一时间显著减少, 在实验开始后68天后, 普通话树 (cv. nova) 蓬勃发展。因此, 本议定书将必要的时间减半。树木在春夏后 (2017年10月26日) 从苗…
Divulgations
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
作者感谢 joséjavier zaragozádolz 提供技术援助并帮助执行管理任务。这项研究得到了作为与 valència politècnica 大学 (upv 20170673) 开展的项目的一部分的部分支持。
Materials
| Data-logger | Testo | Testo 177-H1 | Testo 177-H1, humidity/temperature logger, 4 channels, with internal sensors and additional external temp |
| Data-logger sotfwae | Testo | Software Comsoft Basic Testo 5 | Basic software for the programming and reading of the data loggers Testo |
| Electronic controller differential | Eliwell | IC 915 (LX) (cod. 9IS23071) | Electronic controller with 2 set points and differential set point adjustment |
| Electronic controller dual | Eliwell | IC 915 NTC-PTC | Electronic controllers with dual output |
| Growth chamber – phytotron | Rochina | Chamber measuring 1.85 x 1.85 x 2.5 m (L x W x H) with a total volume of 8.56 m3. With temperature (day/night), photoperiod (day/night), light intensity and minimum relative humidity control. | |
| Light kit | Cosmos Grow/Bloom Light | Light kit with reflector, electric ballast sodium/halide and high-pressure sodium (HPS) 600W lamp | |
| Luxmeter | Delta OHM | HD 9221 | HD 9221 Luxmeter to measure the light intensity |
| Plant material | Beniplant S.L (AVASA) | Mandarin trees from registered nurseries with a virus-free certification | |
| Substrate | Plant Vibel | Standard substrate based on quality 50% white peat and 50% coconut fiber |
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