Embora diferentes tipos de testes diagnósticos possam ser usados para detectar doença coronavírus, um teste de cotonete nasofaríngeo é o mais comum. O teste deve ser realizado por um profissional de saúde treinado. Se a cultura celular for coletada de forma errada, o diagnóstico obtido pode estar incorreto.
A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) recomenda que os provedores usem um dacron ou swab de rayon estérei com um eixo plástico flexível para amostragem profunda nasal. Cotonetes de algodão, alginato de cálcio ou cotonetes com varas de madeira podem conter tais compostos que podem inativar alguns vírus e inibir a reação da cadeia de polimerase diagnóstica (PCR). O protocolo a seguir descreve o procedimento adequado para a coleta de uma amostra de swab nasofaríngeo.
While different types of diagnostic tests may be used to detect coronavirus disease, a nasopharyngeal swab test is the most common. A sterile dacron or rayon swab with a flexible plastic shaft should be used. Cotton, calcium alginate swabs, or swabs with wooden sticks may contain compounds that can inactivate some viruses and inhibit the diagnostic test.
Begin by escorting the patient into the examination area. Then explain the process to the patient and obtain consent to proceed. Open the swab package and remove the swab. Tilt the patient’s head back to an approximate angle of 70 degrees, which will straighten the passage from the front of the nose to the nasal pharynx. Instruct the patient to close his or her eyes, then gently insert the swab along the nasal septum until resistance is felt. Rotate the swab several times for 10 to 15 seconds to collect the sample material.
Then remove the swab and insert the sample into a collection vial containing one to three milliliters of vial transport media. Break the swab handle at the marked break point and close the vial. Label the vial with the collection date, onset date, patient age and sex, specimen type, unique identifiers, and any other pertinent patient information. Repeat the same procedure with the other nostril. Then follow the manufacturer’s instructions to store the sample and transport it to an FDA-approved diagnostic laboratory.
