Michael D. Johnson Department of Oncology Georgetown University Biography Publications Institution JoVE Articles Michael D. Johnson has not added a biography. If you are Michael D. Johnson and would like to personalize this page please email our Author Liaison for assistance. Publications Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Maintains the Assembly of Keratin into Desmosomes in Keratinocytes by Regulating Protease-Activated Receptor 2-Dependent P38 Signaling The American Journal of Pathology. Jun, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25842366 Differential Subcellular Localization Renders HAI-2 a Matriptase Inhibitor in Breast Cancer Cells but Not in Mammary Epithelial Cells PloS One. 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25786220 Pnck Overexpression in HER-2 Gene-amplified Breast Cancer Causes Trastuzumab Resistance Through a Paradoxical PTEN-mediated Process Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. Apr, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25773930 Copper Intoxication Inhibits Aerobic Nucleotide Synthesis in Streptococcus Pneumoniae Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science. May, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25730343 Role of Copper Efflux in Pneumococcal Pathogenesis and Resistance to Macrophage-mediated Immune Clearance Infection and Immunity. Apr, 2015 | Pubmed ID: 25667262 Reconfiguration of the Electrical Properties of Motoneurons to Match the Diverse Demands of Motor Behavior Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25330883 Gain Control Mechanisms in Spinal Motoneurons Frontiers in Neural Circuits. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 25120435 Conditionally Reprogrammed Normal and Transformed Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells Display a Progenitor-cell-like Phenotype PloS One. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24831228 Matriptase Autoactivation is Tightly Regulated by the Cellular Chemical Environments PloS One. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24705933 Human Cancer Cells Retain Modest Levels of Enzymatically Active Matriptase Only in Extracellular Milieu Following Induction of Zymogen Activation PloS One. 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24663123 PTEN-mediated ERK1/2 Inhibition and Paradoxical Cellular Proliferation Following Pnck Overexpression Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.). 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24552815 Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) Component Ritonavir Significantly Alters Docetaxel Exposure Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. Apr, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24488374 Matriptase Expression and Zymogen Activation in Human Pilosebaceous Unit The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society. Jan, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 24004857 Matriptase Regulates Proliferation and Early, but Not Terminal, Differentiation of Human Keratinocytes The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Feb, 2014 | Pubmed ID: 23900022 The Roles of Transition Metals in the Physiology and Pathogenesis of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 24364001 Hypoxia Shifts Activity of Neuropeptide Y in Ewing Sarcoma from Growth-inhibitory to Growth-promoting Effects Oncotarget. Dec, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 24318733 Motoneuron Intrinsic Properties, but Not Their Receptive Fields, Recover in Chronic Spinal Injury The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. Nov, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 24285887 A Microfluidic, High Throughput Protein Crystal Growth Method for Microgravity PloS One. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 24278480 Metal Speciation in Health and Medicine Represented by Iron and Vanadium Inorganic Chemistry. Nov, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 24041403 Mutation of the Conserved Calcium-binding Motif in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae PilC1 Impacts Adhesion but Not Piliation Infection and Immunity. Nov, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 24002068 Three Dimensional Multiphoton Imaging of Fresh and Whole Mount Developing Mouse Mammary Glands BMC Cancer. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23919456 Antithrombin Regulates Matriptase Activity Involved in Plasmin Generation, Syndecan Shedding, and HGF Activation in Keratinocytes PloS One. 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23675430 An Integrative Process Model of Leadership: Examining Loci, Mechanisms, and Event Cycles The American Psychologist. Sep, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23528243 Calcium Binding Properties of the Kingella Kingae PilC1 and PilC2 Proteins Have Differential Effects on Type IV Pilus-mediated Adherence and Twitching Motility Journal of Bacteriology. Feb, 2013 | Pubmed ID: 23243304 Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Induced Persistent Gene Expression Changes in Mouse Mammary Gland Radiation Oncology (London, England). 2012 | Pubmed ID: 23216862 Synchronous and Asynchronous Electrically-evoked Motor Activities During Wind-up Stimulation Are Differentially Modulated Following an Acute Spinal Transection Journal of Neurophysiology. Sep, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22993264 Application of Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization in the Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Fat Grafting Aesthetic Surgery Journal / the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Aug, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22859546 Nonoperative Management of Retrocalcaneal Pain with AFO and Stretching Regimen Foot & Ankle International. Jul, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22835395 Oxidation of Phosphorus Centers by Ferrate(VI): Spectral Observation of an Intermediate Inorganic Chemistry. Jun, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22663068 Cutaneous Inputs from the Back Abolish Locomotor-like Activity and Reduce Spastic-like Activity in the Adult Cat Following Complete Spinal Cord Injury Experimental Neurology. Jun, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22487200 Push-pull Control of Motor Output The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. Mar, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22457505 Mechanisms of Estrogen-independent Breast Cancer Growth Driven by Low Estrogen Concentrations Are Unique Versus Complete Estrogen Deprivation Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. Aug, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22456984 Exposure to Ionizing Radiation Causes Long-term Increase in Serum Estradiol and Activation of PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway in Mouse Mammary Gland International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. Oct, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22381906 Switching off Electron Transfer Reactions in Confined Media: Reduction of [Co(dipic)2]- and [Co(edta)]- by Hexacyanoferrate(II) Inorganic Chemistry. Mar, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22332760 Differential Modulation of Crossed and Uncrossed Reflex Pathways by Clonidine in Adult Cats Following Complete Spinal Cord Injury The Journal of Physiology. Feb, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22219338 Mechanisms for the Control of Matriptase Activity in the Absence of Sufficient HAI-1 American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 22031598 Alternative Reference Points and Outcome Evaluation: the Influence of Affect The Journal of Applied Psychology. Jan, 2012 | Pubmed ID: 21842975 Pseudomonas Aeruginosa PilY1 Binds Integrin in an RGD- and Calcium-dependent Manner PloS One. 2011 | Pubmed ID: 22242136 Targeting Zymogen Activation to Control the Matriptase-prostasin Proteolytic Cascade Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Nov, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21966950 Impact of Fibroblast Growth Factor-binding Protein-1 Expression on Angiogenesis and Wound Healing The American Journal of Pathology. Nov, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21945411 Matriptase is Inhibited by Extravascular Antithrombin in Epithelial Cells but Not in Most Carcinoma Cells American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. Nov, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21795523 Altered Activation Patterns by Triceps Surae Stretch Reflex Pathways in Acute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Journal of Neurophysiology. Oct, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21734111 Extra Forces Evoked During Electrical Stimulation of the Muscle or Its Nerve Are Generated and Modulated by a Length-dependent Intrinsic Property of Muscle in Humans and Cats The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience. Apr, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21490198 Pnck Induces Ligand-independent EGFR Degradation by Probable Perturbation of the Hsp90 Chaperone Complex American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. May, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21325639 Increased Matriptase Zymogen Activation in Inflammatory Skin Disorders American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. Mar, 2011 | Pubmed ID: 21123732 Relationships Between Thyroid Function and Lipid Status or Insulin Resistance in a Pediatric Population Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association. Dec, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 21114382 Matriptase is Involved in ErbB-2-induced Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion The American Journal of Pathology. Dec, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20971737 Regulation of the Matriptase-prostasin Cell Surface Proteolytic Cascade by Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor-1 During Epidermal Differentiation The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Oct, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20696767 TMPRSS2, a Serine Protease Expressed in the Prostate on the Apical Surface of Luminal Epithelial Cells and Released into Semen in Prostasomes, is Misregulated in Prostate Cancer Cells The American Journal of Pathology. Jun, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20382709 Crystal Structure Analysis Reveals Pseudomonas PilY1 As an Essential Calcium-dependent Regulator of Bacterial Surface Motility Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Jan, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 20080557 Matriptase Activation, an Early Cellular Response to Acidosis The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Jan, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19940125 Relationships Between 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Plasma Glucose and Lipid Levels in Pediatric Outpatients The Journal of Pediatrics. Mar, 2010 | Pubmed ID: 19926097 Evaluation of in Vitro Assays for Assessing the Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. Dec, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19959677 Current Therapies to Shorten Postoperative Ileus Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. Nov, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19884293 Tumor Suppressor Function of Syk in Human MCF10A in Vitro and Normal Mouse Mammary Epithelium in Vivo PloS One. 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19829710 Personality and Citizenship Behavior: the Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction The Journal of Applied Psychology. Jul, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19594236 Polarized Epithelial Cells Secrete Matriptase As a Consequence of Zymogen Activation and HAI-1-mediated Inhibition American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. Aug, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19535514 High Cks1 Expression in Transgenic and Carcinogen-initiated Mammary Tumors is Not Always Accompanied by Reduction in P27Kip1 International Journal of Oncology. May, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19360356 Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Management of Pancreatic Pseudocysts Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. Jul, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 19077728 Calmodulin Modulates Akt Activity in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. Jun, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 18587642 The Androgen Metabolite 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (3betaAdiol) Induces Breast Cancer Growth Via Estrogen Receptor: Implications for Aromatase Inhibitor Resistance Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. May, 2009 | Pubmed ID: 18521740 Toxicological Analysis of Low-nicotine and Nicotine-free Cigarettes Toxicology. Jul, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18599178 Pregnancy-upregulated Nonubiquitous Calmodulin Kinase Induces Ligand-independent EGFR Degradation American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. Aug, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18562482 1H NMR Studies of Aerosol-OT Reverse Micelles with Alkali and Magnesium Counterions: Preparation and Analysis of MAOTs Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids. Jun, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18484757 Impairment of Ascorbic Acid's Anti-oxidant Properties in Confined Media: Inter and Intramolecular Reactions with Air and Vanadate at Acidic PH Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. May-Jun, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18331759 Summation of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Inputs by Motoneurons with Highly Active Dendrites Journal of Neurophysiology. Apr, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18234978 A Transcriptional Fingerprint of Estrogen in Human Breast Cancer Predicts Patient Survival Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.). Jan, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18231641 Comparison of Mouse Mammary Gland Imaging Techniques and Applications: Reflectance Confocal Microscopy, GFP Imaging, and Ultrasound BMC Cancer. 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18215290 The Phytoestrogen Coumestrol is a Naturally Occurring Antagonist of the Human Pregnane X Receptor Molecular Endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.). Apr, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 18096694 Zymogen Activation, Inhibition, and Ectodomain Shedding of Matriptase Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library. 2008 | Pubmed ID: 17981575 Active Properties of Motoneurone Dendrites: Diffuse Descending Neuromodulation, Focused Local Inhibition The Journal of Physiology. Mar, 2008 | Pubmed ID: 17947305 Design and Synthesis of Novel and Potent Inhibitors of the Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease, Matriptase, Based Upon the Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1 Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Nov, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17985858 Structure-based Design and Synthesis of (5-arylamino-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-biphenyl-2',4'-diols As Novel and Potent Human CHK1 Inhibitors Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Nov, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17887663 When Can Employees Have a Family Life? The Effects of Daily Workload and Affect on Work-family Conflict and Social Behaviors at Home The Journal of Applied Psychology. Sep, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17845091 Small Molecule Ago-allosteric Modulators of the Human Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (hGLP-1) Receptor Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. Oct, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17827014 Neuropeptide Y Acts Directly in the Periphery on Fat Tissue and Mediates Stress-induced Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Nature Medicine. Jul, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17603492 Autoactivation of Matriptase in Vitro: Requirement for Biomembrane and LDL Receptor Domain American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. Jul, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17344310 Intrinsic Electrical Properties of Spinal Motoneurons Vary with Joint Angle Nature Neuroscience. Mar, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17293858 Small-molecule Agonists for the Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Jan, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17213325 Design and Synthesis of Redox Stable Analogues of Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitors (SFTI-1) on Solid Support, Potent Inhibitors of Matriptase Organic Letters. Jan, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17192072 Selective Deletion of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cells by MHC Class I Tetramers Coupled to the Type I Ribosome-inactivating Protein Saporin Blood. Apr, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17179221 MDA-MB-435 Cells Are Derived from M14 Melanoma Cells--a Loss for Breast Cancer, but a Boon for Melanoma Research Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. Jul, 2007 | Pubmed ID: 17004106 A Collection of Breast Cancer Cell Lines for the Study of Functionally Distinct Cancer Subtypes Cancer Cell. Dec, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 17157791 Self-exchange Electron Transfer in High Oxidation State Non-oxo Metal Complexes: Amavadin Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England). Nov, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 17082869 Genes Regulated by Estrogen in Breast Tumor Cells in Vitro Are Similarly Regulated in Vivo in Tumor Xenografts and Human Breast Tumors Genome Biology. 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16606439 Multiple Professional Identities: Examining Differences in Identification Across Work-related Targets The Journal of Applied Psychology. Mar, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16551201 GREB1 is a Novel Androgen-regulated Gene Required for Prostate Cancer Growth The Prostate. Jun, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16496412 Reduction of Vanadium(V) by L-ascorbic Acid at Low and Neutral PH: Kinetic, Mechanistic, and Spectroscopic Characterization Inorganic Chemistry. Feb, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16471958 Matriptase Activation and Shedding with HAI-1 is Induced by Steroid Sex Hormones in Human Prostate Cancer Cells, but Not in Breast Cancer Cells American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. Jul, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16467405 In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Volumetric and Spectroscopic Analysis of Mouse Prostate Cancer Models The Prostate. May, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16425198 Contrast-enhanced in Vivo Imaging of Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells by MRI Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.). Jan, 2006 | Pubmed ID: 16340310 Reduction of Lunar Landing Fuel Requirements by Utilizing Lunar Ballistic Capture Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Dec, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16510407 What Does an Orphan G-protein-coupled Receptor Have to Do with Estrogen? Breast Cancer Research : BCR. 2005 | Pubmed ID: 16280047 GREB 1 is a Critical Regulator of Hormone Dependent Breast Cancer Growth Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. Jul, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15986123 HAI-1 Regulates Activation and Expression of Matriptase, a Membrane-bound Serine Protease American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. Aug, 2005 | Pubmed ID: 15800053 Common Origins of MDA-MB-435 Cells from Various Sources with Those Shown to Have Melanoma Properties Clinical & Experimental Metastasis. 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15679052 LCC15-MB Cells Are MDA-MB-435: a Review of Misidentified Breast and Prostate Cell Lines Clinical & Experimental Metastasis. 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15679051 A Phase II Trial of ISIS 3521 in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Clinical Colorectal Cancer. Nov, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15555210 Mechanistic Variations in the Oxidation of Piloty's Acid by Metal Complexes Inorganic Chemistry. Nov, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15554653 Synaptic Integration in Motoneurons with Hyper-excitable Dendrites Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Aug-Sep, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15523512 Explant-cell Culture of Primary Mammary Tumors from MMTV-c-Myc Transgenic Mice In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Animal. Jan-Feb, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15180438 Pharmacological Characterization of 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl Tamoxifen, a Novel Active Metabolite of Tamoxifen Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. May, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15111773 Of Mice and Myc: C-Myc and Mammary Tumorigenesis Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. Jan, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15082916 A Phase I Study of Oral BMS-275291, a Novel Nonhydroxamate Sheddase-sparing Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Cancer Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Mar, 2004 | Pubmed ID: 15041713 Early Parity Significantly Elevates Mammary Tumor Incidence in MMTV-c-myc Transgenic Mice Transgenic Research. Dec, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14713205 Personal Characteristics, Knowledge of the Veterinary Profession, and Influences on Career Choice Among Students in the Veterinary School Applicant Pool Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. Dec, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14664444 Active Tamoxifen Metabolite Plasma Concentrations After Coadministration of Tamoxifen and the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Paroxetine Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Dec, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14652237 Introduction of Estrogen Receptor-alpha into the TTA/TAg Conditional Mouse Model Precipitates the Development of Estrogen-responsive Mammary Adenocarcinoma The American Journal of Pathology. Nov, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14578170 The Kinetics and Mechanism of the Ferrate(VI) Oxidation of Hydroxylamines Inorganic Chemistry. Oct, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 14552644 Active Dendritic Integration of Inhibitory Synaptic Inputs in Vivo Journal of Neurophysiology. Dec, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12944534 Genotyping for Polymorphic Drug Metabolizing Enzymes from Paraffin-embedded and Immunohistochemically Stained Tumor Samples Pharmacogenetics. Aug, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12893988 Characterization of Matriptase Expression in Normal Human Tissues The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry : Official Journal of the Histochemistry Society. Aug, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12871983 Cadmium Mimics the in Vivo Effects of Estrogen in the Uterus and Mammary Gland Nature Medicine. Aug, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12858169 Possible Role of Matriptase in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics. May, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12779007 The Activation of Matriptase Requires Its Noncatalytic Domains, Serine Protease Domain, and Its Cognate Inhibitor The Journal of Biological Chemistry. Jul, 2003 | Pubmed ID: 12738778 Optimization of Alkylidene Hydrazide Based Human Glucagon Receptor Antagonists. Discovery of the Highly Potent and Orally Available 3-cyano-4-hydroxybenzoic Acid [1-(2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzyl)-1H-indol-4-ylmethylene]hydrazide Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Dec, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 12477359 Expression of the Serine Protease Matriptase and Its Inhibitor HAI-1 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Correlation with Clinical Outcome and Tumor Clinicopathological Parameters Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. Apr, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11948120 Delayed Mammary Gland Involution in MMTV-AKT1 Transgenic Mice Oncogene. Jan, 2002 | Pubmed ID: 11803463 Kinetics and Mechanism of the Ferrate Oxidation of Thiosulfate and Other Sulfur-Containing Species Inorganic Chemistry. Nov, 1996 | Pubmed ID: 11666845 SpOT the Correct Tissue Every Time in Multi-tissue Blocks Anna Coffey1,2, Michael D. Johnson3, Deborah L. Berry3 1Center for Advanced Preclinical Research (CAPR), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 2Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., 3Department of Oncology, Georgetown University JoVE 52868 Biologia
SpOT the Correct Tissue Every Time in Multi-tissue Blocks Anna Coffey1,2, Michael D. Johnson3, Deborah L. Berry3 1Center for Advanced Preclinical Research (CAPR), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 2Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., 3Department of Oncology, Georgetown University JoVE 52868 Biologia