Protein Function

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their …

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs …

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein …

The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at …

Enzymes require additional components for proper function. There are two such classes of molecules: cofactors and coenzymes. Cofactors are metallic ions …

Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the …

Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other …

Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand …

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications …

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, …

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell …

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an …

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. …

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical …

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures …

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other …

Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the …