肺环境中免疫细胞和促炎介质的表征
Summary
该协议描述了使用流式细胞术来鉴定短暂性脑中动脉闭塞后肺部环境中免疫细胞组成，细胞因子谱和趋化因子谱的变化，这是缺血性中风的小鼠模型。
Abstract
免疫细胞的扩增、激活和向肺部的运输由多种细胞因子和趋化因子的表达控制，可能因严重的脑损伤而改变。肺炎是缺血性卒中患者死亡的主要原因这一事实证明了这一点。该协议的目的是描述使用多色流式细胞术分析来鉴定小鼠肺部的13种类型的免疫细胞，包括肺泡巨噬细胞，间质巨噬细胞，CD103 +或CD11b +树突状细胞（DC），浆细胞样DC，嗜酸性粒细胞，单核细胞/单核细胞衍生细胞，嗜中性粒细胞，淋巴样来源的T和B细胞，NK细胞和NKT细胞，通过短暂的脑中动脉阻塞诱导缺血性中风。此外，我们使用磁珠匀浆方法描述了肺匀浆的制备，通过多重磁珠阵列结合流式细胞术分析同时确定13种不同细胞因子或趋化因子的表达水平。该方案也可用于研究其他疾病环境中的肺免疫反应，例如传染性肺病或过敏性疾病。
Introduction
肺是一个屏障器官，暴露于外部环境，因此不断接受免疫学挑战，如病原体和过敏原1。肺常驻免疫细胞的活化和免疫细胞从外围浸润是清除肺部环境中病原体所必需的。此外，肺常驻免疫细胞保持对共生细菌的耐受性，这表明这些细胞在病原体清除和维持体内平衡1中起作用。肺泡和间质巨噬细胞是肺常驻前哨免疫细胞之一，它们通过模式识别受体感知病原体，并通过吞噬作用2清除这些病原体。肺常驻树突状细胞通过抗原呈递弥合先天性和适应性免疫反应3.此外，激活的局部先天免疫细胞产生细胞因子和趋化因子，这些细胞因子和趋化因子可放大炎症反应并刺激单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞等免疫细胞浸润到肺部1。缺血性卒中已被证明会改变全身免疫力，并导致肺部感染易感性增加。然而，很少有研究评估缺血性卒中后的肺间室，尽管一些研究在炎症条件下检查了它4，5，6，7，8，9。本文描述的方法的目标是同时确定肺病理学、免疫细胞组成以及肺部细胞因子和趋化因子表达水平，以评估肺间室的改变，并评估缺血发作后肺部免疫反应的潜在改变。
这里描述的是用于从小鼠肺部获得单细胞悬浮液以鉴定13种类型的免疫细胞的方案。该方案基于胶原酶D的组织消化，而无需自动组织解离器。此外，我们开发了一种制备组织匀浆的方案，可用于使用基于流式细胞术的多重磁珠阵列确定13种不同细胞因子或趋化因子的表达水平。该方案已成功用于研究缺血性卒中对肺免疫的影响，也可用于其他疾病模型。
Protocol
所有执行的协议和程序都得到了西弗吉尼亚大学机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）的批准。小鼠被安置在西弗吉尼亚大学动物馆的无病原体条件下。 1. 溶液的制备 制备灌注缓冲液（磷酸盐缓冲盐水，PBS）。每只小鼠使用大约两个 10 mL 等分试样的冰冷 PBS。 准备肺细胞培养基/流式细胞系统缓冲液。FACS缓冲液含有补充1%胎牛血清（FBS）的PBS。在肺切除和转移的?…
Representative Results
我们最近报道，小鼠缺血性中风诱导改变了肺11的免疫细胞组成。具体而言，短暂性脑缺血增加了肺泡巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和 CD11b+ DC 的百分比，同时减少了肺区室中 CD4+ T 细胞、CD8+ T 细胞、B 细胞、NK 细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的百分比。此外，细胞改变对应于肺部多种趋化因子水平的显着降低。这里描述的是一种分离和鉴定肺间室中不同免疫细胞群的方法。这里显示的代表性结?…
Discussion
这里描述的方案允许在同一只小鼠中鉴定肺免疫细胞类型和趋化因子或细胞因子的表达。如果需要组织病理学研究，可以在进行单细胞分离步骤之前移除并固定单个叶。这种方法的一个局限性是，如果免疫细胞组成的变化以及趋化因子和/或细胞因子的表达预计在肺的不同叶之间分布不均，则这种方法可能不适用于某些疾病环境。例如，一些细菌，如 结核分枝杆菌， 显示出感染肺的某些叶<…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项工作得到了NIH拨款P20 GM109098和从普拉斯佩罗到埃德温·万的创新奖计划的支持。流式细胞术实验在WVU流式细胞术和单细胞核心设施中进行，该设施得到了NIH授予S10 OD016165，U57 GM104942，P30 GM103488和P20 GM103434的支持。
Materials
| B220-APC, clone RA3-6B2 | Biolegend | 103212 | 1:200 dilution |
| Beadbug 3 position bead homogenizer | Benchmark Scientific | D1030 | Tissue homogenizer |
| CCR2-BV421, clone SA203G11 | Biolegend | 150605 | 1:200 dilution |
| CD103-BV421, clone 2E7 | Biolegend | 121422 | 1:200 dilution |
| CD11b-PE/Cy7, clone M1/70 | Biolegend | 101216 | 1:400 dilution |
| CD11c-PE/Cy7, clone N418 | Biolegend | 117318 | 1:200 dilution |
| CD11c-Percp/Cy5.5, clone N418 | Biolegend | 117328 | 1:200 dilution |
| CD4-BV421, clone GK1.5 | Biolegend | 100443 | 1:200 dilution |
| CD45-FITC, clone 30-F11 | Biolegend | 103108 | 1:200 dilution |
| CD64-APC, clone X54-5/7.1 | Biolegend | 139306 | 1:200 dilution |
| CD8-PE, clone 53-6.7 | Biolegend | 100708 | 1:800 dilution |
| Collagenase D | Sigma Aldrich | 11088882001 | Component in the dissociation buffer |
| Conical screw cap tube | ThermoFisher | 02-681-344 | Tube for tissue homogenization |
| DNase I | Sigma Aldrich | 10104159001 | Component in the dissociation buffer |
| Fc block CD16/32 antibody | Biolegend | 101320 | 1:100 dilution |
| genlteMACS dissociator | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-093-235 | Comparsion of lung digestion with or without mechanical dissociator |
| gentleMACS C tubes | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-093-237 | Tube for tissue disscoiation with genlteMACS dissociator |
| Halt protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktial | ThermoFisher | 78442 | Component in the homogenization buffer |
| Laser doppler monitor | Moor | MOORVMS-LDF | Blood flow monitoring during tMCAO |
| LEGENDplex proinflammatory chemokine panel | Biolegend | 740451 | Multiplex bead array |
| LIVE/DEAD fixable near-IR stain | ThermoFisher | L34976 | Use for dead cell exclusion during flow cytometric analysis |
| Ly6C-PE, clone HK1.4 | Biolegend | 128008 | 1:800 dilution |
| Ly6G-BV510, clone 1A8 | Biolegend | 127633 | 1:200 dilution |
| MCAO suture L56 reusable 6-0 medium | Doccol | 602356PK10Re | tMCAO |
| MHC II-BV510, clone M5/114.15.2 | Biolegend | 107636 | 1:800 dilution |
| NK1.1-Percp/Cy5.5, clone PK136 | Biolegend | 108728 | 1:200 dilution |
| Siglec F-PE, clone E50-2440 | BD Biosciences | 552126 | 1:200 dilution |
| Silk suture thread, size 6/0 | Fine Science Tools | 18020-60 | tMCAO |
| SomnoSuite anesthesia system | Kent Scientific | SS-01 | Mouse anaesthetization for tMCAO |
| TCRb-BV510, clone H57-897 | Biolegend | 109234 | 1:200 dilution |
| Zirconia/silica beads, 2.3 mm | Biospec | 11079125z | Beads for tissue homogenization |
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Citazione di questo articolo
Monaghan, K. L., Farris, B. Y., Zheng, W., Wan, E. C. K. Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment. J. Vis. Exp. (160), e61359, doi:10.3791/61359 (2020).