使用三天发育中的雏鸡胚胎生成钩缺血再灌注模型
Summary
本文描述了使用脊髓针定制钩在3天雏鸡胚胎中的缺血再灌注（I / R）建模，以更好地了解I / R发展和治疗。该模型简单，快速且价格低廉。
Abstract
缺血和再灌注 （I/R） 疾病（如心肌梗死、卒中和外周血管疾病）是疾病和死亡的一些主要原因。目前有许多 体外 和 体内 模型可用于研究疾病或受损组织中的I / R机制。然而，迄今为止，还没有报告 任何蛋内 I / R模型，这将允许更好地了解I / R机制和更快的药物筛选。本文描述了在3天雏鸡胚胎中使用脊柱针定制钩进行I / R建模，以了解I / R发育和治疗机制。我们的模型可用于研究DNA，RNA和蛋白质水平的异常。此方法简单，快速且价格低廉。当前模型可以独立使用，也可以与现有的 体外 和 体内 I / R模型结合使用。
Introduction
缺血再灌注组织损伤与许多病理有关，包括心脏病发作、缺血性卒中、创伤和外周血管疾病1，2，3，4，5。这主要是由于缺乏对疾病进展的全面了解以及缺乏有效的研究模型。缺血性损伤发生在组织特定区域的血液供应被切断时。结果，缺血组织最终坏死，尽管速率因组织而异。因此，恢复血液供应可能有助于减轻损害。然而，已经观察到，在某些情况下，再灌注比单独的缺血造成的组织损伤更多6，7，8。因此，需要了解缺血再灌注的分子和细胞机制，以开发有效的治疗干预措施。目前，尚无针对 I/R 损伤的有效治疗方法。这种差异促使创建了新的实验模型，从体外到体内模型，以解决现有问题9，10，11，12，13。
雏鸡胚胎（Gallus gallus domesticus）因其易于获取，道德可接受性，相对较大的尺寸（与其他胚胎相比），低成本和快速生长而被广泛用于研究14。我们使用雏鸡胚胎在发育72小时时通过在脊髓针的帮助下闭塞和释放右维特林动脉来创建 卵内 I / R。我们将其命名为 Hook-I/R 缺血再灌注模型（图 1）。本研究中使用的模型能够准确模拟所有下游过程，包括氧化和炎症途径，这些途径通常与I / R损伤相关15，16，17。
Protocol
Era勒克瑙医学院和医院的机构动物伦理委员会发布了一份书面豁免，指出根据动物实验控制和监督委员会（CPCSEA）进行这些实验不需要正式批准。然而，遵循标准操作程序以尽量减少胚胎痛苦的可能性。 1. 缓冲液制备（表1） 准备林格的解决方案 为了制备林格溶液，将0.72克NaCl（123mM），0.017gCaCl2（1.53mM），0.037gKCl（4.96mM）溶解在70mL无菌蒸馏H2O</s…
Representative Results
多普勒血流成像技术用于评估我们模型的有效性。简而言之，我们将来自对照组的数据与来自RVA组的数据进行了比较，以确定我们创建的成功。 图4A 描绘了与对照动物相关的典型通量，而 图4B 描绘了从RVA获得的结果。数字 1-8 表示与 I/R 阶段关联的各种事件。简而言之，数字1-3对应于正常氧的相位，而3点和4点的通量急剧下降代表了与RVA中血流量减少?…
Discussion
缺血再灌注研究的目标是制定预防细胞死亡和促进恢复的治疗策略29，30。为了克服当前I/R研究的限制，我们设计了一个Hook I/R雏鸡胚胎模型，以产生可靠且可重复的I/R模型。据我们所知，除了研究应激信号（例如，氧化和炎症应激）之外，我们还是在3天雏鸡胚胎中创建的第一个I / R模型，用于常规I / R实验。鉴于发育第3天的大小和可及性的好处<sup class=…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
我们要感谢Hari Shankar先生在摄像和编辑期间提供的重要投入，Baqer Hussain先生提供画外音，Asghar Rizvi先生负责视频编辑，Mohammad Haider先生负责录像，Mohammad Danish Siddiqui先生在实验期间提供协助。
Materials
| (-80°C) freezer | Haier, China | – | |
| 1.5mL Centrifuge tube | TARSONS, India | 500010X | |
| 100mm Petri dish (sterile) | Tarsons, India | 460050 | |
| 18G Needle (18G×1.5 (1.25×38mm) | Ramsons, India | 13990 | |
| 1mL Syringe | DISPO VAN | – | |
| 26G Needle (26G×1/2 (10.45x13mm) | DISPO VAN, india | 30722D | |
| 37°C egg incubator with adjustable percentage humidity | Gentek, India | GL-100 | |
| 37°C laboratory incubator | SCIENCE TECH, India | CB 101-14 | |
| 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) | Sigma Aldrich, USA | M9281 | |
| 3mL Pasture Pipette | TARSONS, India | 940050 | |
| 50mL Beaker | TARSONS, India | – | |
| 5mL Syringe | DISPO VAN, India | IP53 | |
| 70% ethanol | Merck Millipore, United States | 64-17-5 | |
| Adhesive tape/Cello tape | Sunrise, India | – | |
| Ambra1 primers | Applied Biosystems, Foster city, USA | Hs00387943_m1 | |
| Anti-mouse IgG | Cell Signaling Technology, USA | 7076S | |
| Anti-Rabbit IgG | Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories, USA | 711-035-152 | |
| Atg7 | R&D Systems, USA | MAB6608 | |
| Atg7 primers | Applied Biosystems, Foster city, USA | Hs00893766_m1 | |
| Autoclave Bag | Tarsons, India | 550022 | |
| Autoclave Machine | Local made, Lucknow, India | – | |
| Beclin-1 | Proteintech, USA | 66665-1-Ig | |
| Beta Actin | ImmunoTag, USA | ITT07018 | |
| Bovine Serum Albumin | Himedia, Mumbai, India | TC194 | |
| Calcium Chloride | Himedia, Mumbai, India | GRM534 | |
| Catalase | ImmunoTag, USA | ITT5155 | |
| Cleaning wipes | Kimberly-Clark, India | 370080 | |
| Cleaved Caspase3 | ImmunoTag, USA | ITT07022 | |
| di-Sodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate | Himedia, Mumbai, India | GRM39611 | |
| Doppler blood flowmeter | Moors instrument, United Kingdom | moorVMS-LDF1 | |
| Egg rack | – | – | |
| Egg rack | – | – | |
| GAPDH | ImmunoTag, USA | M1000110 | |
| GAPDH primers | Applied Biosystems, Foster city, USA | Hs02758991_g1 | |
| Glycine | Himedia, Mumbai, India | MB013 | |
| Kidney tray | HOSPITO | – | |
| LC3A/B | Cell Signaling Technology, USA | 4108S | |
| Methanol | Rankem laboratories, Mumbai, India | M0252 | |
| Micromanipulator | Narishige, Japan | M-152 | |
| N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) | Sigma Aldrich, USA | A7250 | |
| Naringenin | Sigma Aldrich, USA | 67604-48-2 | |
| NF-kβ | Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA | 51-0500 | |
| NLRP3 | ImmunoTag, USA | ITT07438 | |
| Nose plier | Local made, Lucknow, India | – | |
| Ocular forceps | Stoelting, Germany | 52106-40 | |
| Ocular iris | Tufft Surgical Instruments, Jaipur, India | Hard Age Vannas Micro Scissors Angled 8CM / 3 1/8" | |
| OHP marker pen | Camlin, India | – | |
| ORP-150 | ImmunoTag, USA | ITT08329 | |
| Pointed sharp edge scissor | Stoelting, Germany | 52132-11 | |
| Potassium Chloride | Himedia, Mumbai, India | MB043 | |
| Potassium phosphate monobasic anhydrous | Himedia, Mumbai, India | MB050 | |
| Protease Inhibitor | Abcam, United States | Ab65621 | |
| SOD-1 | ImmunoTag, USA | ITT4364 | |
| Sodium Chloride | Fisher Scientific, Mumbai, India | 27605 | |
| Sodium dodecyl sulphate | Himedia, Mumbai, India | GRM886 | |
| Spinal needle 25GA; 3.50 IN (90.51 X 90mm) | Ramson, India | GS-2029 | |
| Stereo Zoom surgical microscope | Olympus, Japan | SZ2-STU3 | |
| Syringe discarder | BIOHAZARD | 882210 | |
| Toothed forceps | Stoelting, Germany | 52102-30 | |
| Tris Base | G Biosciences, United States | RC1217 | |
| Tris Hydrochloric Acid | Himedia, Mumbai, India | MB030 | |
| Tween 20 | G Biosciences, United States | RC1227 | |
| White Leghorn Chicken 0-day eggs | – | – | |
| Z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-FMK | MP Biomedicals, LLC, USA | FK009 |
Riferimenti
- Fauzia, E., et al. Chick Embryo: A Preclinical Model for Understanding Ischemia-Reperfusion Mechanism. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 21 (9), 1034 (2018).
- Eltzschig, H. K., Eckle, T. Ischemia and reperfusion–from mechanism to translation. Nature Medicine. 17 (11), 1391-1401 (2011).
- Raza, S. S., et al. Neuroprotective effect of naringenin is mediated through suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway in experimental stroke. Neuroscienze. 29 (230), 157-171 (2013).
- Raza, S. S., et al. Hesperidin ameliorates functional and histological outcome and reduces neuroinflammation in experimental stroke. Brain Research. 28 (1420), 93-105 (2011).
- Raza, S. S., et al. Silymarin protects neurons from oxidative stress associated damages in focal cerebral ischemia: a behavioral, biochemical and immunohistological study in Wistar rats. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 15 (1-2), 45-54 (2011).
- Fan, L., Zhou, L. AG490 protects cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting the JAK2/3 signaling pathway. Brain and Behavior. 11 (1), 01911 (2021).
- Wu, M. Y., et al. Current Mechanistic Concepts in Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 46 (4), 1650-1667 (2018).
- Collard, C. D., Gelman, S. Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Anesthesiology. 94 (6), 1133-1138 (2001).
- Allen, D. D., et al. Cell lines as in vitro models for drug screening and toxicity studies. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 31 (8), 757-768 (2005).
- Schmeer, C., Gamez, A., Tausch, S., Witte, O. W., Isenmann, S. Statins modulate heat shock protein expression and enhance retinal ganglion cell survival after transient retinal ischemia/reperfusion in vivo. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 49 (11), 4971-4981 (2008).
- Huang, K. Y., et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of acupuncture for improving learning and memory ability in animals. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 16 (1), 297 (2016).
- Sommer, C. J. Ischemic stroke: Experimental models and reality. Acta Neuropathologica. 133 (2), 245-261 (2017).
- Yang, W., Chen, J., Meng, Y., Chen, Z., Yang, J. Novel targets for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (5), 1302 (2018).
- Seabra, R., Bhogal, N. In vivo research using early life stage models. In Vivo. 24 (4), 457-462 (2010).
- Liu, H., et al. Adiponectin peptide alleviates oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating AMPK/GSK-3beta. Experiments in Neurology. 329, 113302 (2020).
- Aboutaleb, N., Jamali, H., Abolhasani, M., Pazoki Toroudi, H. Lavender oil (Lavandula angustifolia) attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 110, 9-19 (2019).
- Wallert, M., et al. alpha-Tocopherol preserves cardiac function by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Redox Biology. 26, 101292 (2019).
- Ashafaq, M., et al. Catechin hydrate ameliorates redox imbalance and limits inflammatory response in focal cerebral ischemia. Neurochemical Research. 37 (8), 1747-1760 (2012).
- Gallagher, S., Chakavarti, D. Immunoblot analysis. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 20 (16), 759 (2008).
- Abt, M. A., Grek, C. L., Ghatnekar, G. S., Yeh, E. S. Evaluation of lung metastasis in mouse mammary tumor models by quantitative real-time PCR. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (107), e53329 (2016).
- Lee, P. Y., Costumbrado, J., Hsu, C. Y., Kim, Y. H. Agarose gel electrophoresis for the separation of DNA fragments. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (62), e3923 (2012).
- Wu, Y., et al. Cathelicidin aggravates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via activating TLR4 signaling and P2X(7)R/NLRP3 inflammasome. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 139, 75 (2020).
- Franke, M., et al. The NLRP3 inflammasome drives inflammation in ischemia/reperfusion injury after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Brain Behaviour and Immunity. 92, 223 (2021).
- Lawrence, T. The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 1 (6), 001651 (2009).
- Liu, H., et al. Pterostilbene attenuates astrocytic inflammation and neuronal oxidative injury after ischemia-reperfusion by inhibiting NF-kappaB phosphorylation. Frontiers in Immunology. 10, 2408 (2009).
- Prakash, R., et al. Sivelestat-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers modulate oxidative and inflammatory stress in human dental pulp and mesenchymal stem cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Materials Science and Engineering: C Materials for Biological Applications. 120, 111700 (2021).
- Prakash, R., et al. Oxidative stress enhances autophagy in stem cells through Erk1/2 signaling pathway – implications for neurotransplantations. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. , (2021).
- Ahmad, A., et al. Gelatin-coated polycaprolactone nanoparticle-mediated naringenin delivery rescue human mesenchymal stem cells from oxygen glucose deprivation-induced inflammatory stress. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering. 5 (2), 683-695 (2019).
- Guan, X., et al. The neuroprotective effects of carvacrol on ischemia/reperfusion-induced hippocampal neuronal impairment by ferroptosis mitigation. Life Science. 235, 116795 (2019).
- Jin, Z., Guo, P., Li, X., Ke, J., Wang, Y., Wu, H. Neuroprotective effects of irisin against cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury via Notch signaling pathway. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 120, 109452 (2019).
- Wainrach, S., Sotelo, J. R. Electron microscope study of the developing chick embryo heart. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie. 55, 622-634 (1961).
- Joshi, V. C., Wilson, A. C., Wakil, S. J. Assay for the terminal enzyme of the stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase system using microsomes. Journal of Lipid Research. 18 (1), 32-36 (1977).
- Kain, K. H., et al. The chick embryo as an expanding experimental model for cancer and cardiovascular research. Development Dynamics. 243 (2), 216-228 (2014).
- Mann, R. A., Moore, K. L., Persaud, T. V. N. Limitations in the u~e of the early chick embryo 88 a teratological model. Teratology. 7, 22-23 (1973).
- Chen, T., Vunjak-Novakovic, G. In vitro models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Regenerative English and Translation Medicine. 4 (3), 142-153 (2018).
- Ma, R., et al. Animal models of cerebral ischemia: A review. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy. 131, 110686 (2020).
- Bromage, D. I., et al. Remote ischaemic conditioning reduces infarct size in animal in vivo models of ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovascular Research. 113 (3), 288-297 (2017).
- Kalogeris, T., Baines, C. P., Krenz, M., Korthuis, R. J. Cell biology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. 298, 229-317 (2012).
- Hogers, B., DeRuiter, M. C., Baasten, A. M., Gittenberger-de Groot , A. C., Poelmann, R. E. Intracardiac blood flow patterns related to the yolk sac circulation of the chick embryo. Circ Res. 76 (5), 871-877 (1995).
- Rezzola, S., et al. angiogenesis-inflammation cross talk in diabetic retinopathy: novel insights from the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane/human vitreous platform. Frontiers in Immunology. 11, 581288 (2020).
Citazione di questo articolo
Kumari, N., Yadav, S. K., Prakash, R., Siddiqui, A. J., Khan, M. A., Raza, S. S. Generation of Hook Ischemia-Reperfusion Model using a Three-Day Developing Chick Embryo. J. Vis. Exp. (180), e63288, doi:10.3791/63288 (2022).