Chapter 16
Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution…
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a…
The ionization-constant expression for a solution of a weak acid can be written as:
Rearranging to solve for [H3O+] yields:
Taking the negative…
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity;…
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes…
A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property…
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of…
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be…
Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example,…
A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process. If the acid dissociation constants of…
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many…
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution…
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a…
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
It is important to…
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique…
The development of fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing…
We present the synthesis of (2,3-dimethylbutyl)(2,4,4'-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid as an example to demonstrate a method for the synthesis of…
A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand,…
