Pseudofracture: एक तीव्र परिधीय ऊतक ट्रामा मॉडल
Summary
Pseudofracture, बाँझ musculoskeletal आघात के एक प्रतिलिपि प्रस्तुत करने योग्य murine मॉडल, देर अवधि के बाद अभिघातजन्य प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया के मूल्यांकन के लिए अनुमति देता है. इस अनुच्छेद के कदम से कदम मॉडल के प्रक्रियात्मक निष्पादन एकाधिक आघात के अध्ययन की अनुमति प्रयोगात्मक मॉडल के संयोजन के लिए संभावित सहित, का वर्णन करता है.
Abstract
Following trauma there is an early hyper-reactive inflammatory response that can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality in trauma patients; this response is often accompanied by a delayed immunosuppression that adds the clinical complications of infection and can also increase mortality.1-9 Many studies have begun to assess these changes in the reactivity of the immune system following trauma.10-15
Immunologic studies are greatly supported through the wide variety of transgenic and knockout mice available for in vivo modeling; these strains aid in detailed investigations to assess the molecular pathways involved in the immunologic responses.16-21
The challenge in experimental murine trauma modeling is long term investigation, as fracture fixation techniques in mice, can be complex and not easily reproducible.22-30
This pseudofracture model, an easily reproduced trauma model, overcomes these difficulties by immunologically mimicking an extremity fracture environment, while allowing freedom of movement in the animals and long term survival without the continual, prolonged use of anaesthesia. The intent is to recreate the features of long bone fracture; injured muscle and soft tissue are exposed to damaged bone and bone marrow without breaking the native bone.
The pseudofracture model consists of two parts: a bilateral muscle crush injury to the hindlimbs, followed by injection of a bone solution into these injured muscles. The bone solution is prepared by harvesting the long bones from both hindlimbs of an age- and weight-matched syngeneic donor. These bones are then crushed and resuspended in phosphate buffered saline to create the bone solution.
Bilateral femur fracture is a commonly used and well-established model of extremity trauma, and was the comparative model during the development of the pseudofracture model. Among the variety of available fracture models, we chose to use a closed method of fracture with soft tissue injury as our comparison to the pseudofracture, as we wanted a sterile yet proportionally severe peripheral tissue trauma model. 31
Hemorrhagic shock is a common finding in the setting of severe trauma, and the global hypoperfusion adds a very relevant element to a trauma model. 32-36 The pseudofracture model can be easily combined with a hemorrhagic shock model for a multiple trauma model of high severity. 37
Protocol
Discussion
Pseudofracture, बाँझ musculoskeletal आघात के एक प्रतिलिपि प्रस्तुत करने योग्य murine मॉडल, बाद अभिघातजन्य प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया के मूल्यांकन के लिए अनुमति देता है. pseudofracture मॉडल immunologically एक लंबी हड्डी फ्रैक्चर की सुविधाओं के मन?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
अनुदान / स्रोत संख्या रक्तस्रावी GM053789 शॉक की आण्विक जीवविज्ञान
Materials
| Material Name | Type | Company | Catalogue Number | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgical blue pad | Fisher Scientific | 50-7105 | ||
| Sterile Field dressings | Fisher Scientific | NC9517505 | ||
| Circulating heating pad 18″x26″ | Harvard | py872-5272 | ||
| Hot bead instrument sterilizer | VWR | 11156-002 | ||
| Stainless steel tray 8″ x 11″ | VWR | 62687-049 | ||
| Plexiglass boards (10x15x0.5cm) | University of Pittsburgh Machine shop | |||
| Tape rolls 1″ | Corporate Express | MMM26001 | ||
| 50cc conical tube | can be purchased through any global vendor | |||
| Straight side wide mouth jars (used as cap for nose cone) | VWR | 159000-058 | ||
| Oster A5 clippers w. size 40 blade | VWR | 10749-020 | ||
| Surgical scissors (straight – 12cm) | Fine Science Tools | 14068-12 | ||
| Hemostats curved -18cm | Harvard | 81331718 | ||
| Forceps (0.8mm-tip, curved-10cm) | Fine Science Tools | 11050-10 | ||
| Gauze 4″x4″ | can be purchased through any global vendor | |||
| 1.5cc microfuge tube | can be purchased through any global vendor | |||
| Ice bucket | can be purchased through any global vendor | |||
| Mortar and Pestle | Fisher | 12-961AA | ||
| 1cc syringe w/ 25G needle | Fisher Scientific | 14-826-88 | ||
| 20G needle | can be purchased through any global vendor | |||
| 1mL pipetteman | can be purchased through any global vendor | |||
| 1mL pipette tips | can be purchased through any global vendor | |||
| Falcon polystyrene 8ml tubes | VWR | 60819-331 | ||
| Sterilization pouch 3″x8″ | VWR | 24008 | ||
| Sterilization pouch 5″x10″ | VWR | 24010 | ||
| MacConkey II Agar plate | BD Biosciences | 221172 | ||
| Ethyl Alcohol – 200 proof | Pharmaco-AAPER | [70%] | ||
| Pentobarbital Sodium (Nembutol Sodium Solution) | Ovation | 70mg/kg | ||
| Aerrane (Isoflurane) | Baxter | 99.9% | ||
| Triadine Povidone Iodine (Betadine) | Triad disposables | |||
| Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) | ||||
| Buprenorphine HCl | Bedford Laboratories | 0.1mg/kg |
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