मानव परिधीय रक्त का विस्तार γδ टी Zoledronate का उपयोग कक्ष
Summary
एक विधि के परिधीय रक्त कोशिकाओं mononuclear (PBMC) से γδ टी कोशिकाओं का विस्तार वर्णित है. PBMC व्युत्पन्न γδ टी कोशिकाओं को उत्तेजित और zoledronate और interleukin-2 (आईएल-2) का उपयोग का विस्तार कर रहे हैं. Γδ टी कोशिकाओं की बड़े पैमाने पर विस्तार कैंसर के ऑटोलॉगस सेलुलर immunotherapy के लिए लागू किया जा सकता है.
Abstract
Human γδ T cells can recognize and respond to a wide variety of stress-induced antigens, thereby developing innate broad anti-tumor and anti-infective activity.1 The majority of γδ T cells in peripheral blood have the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell receptor. These cells recognize antigen in a major histocompatibility complex-independent manner and develop strong cytolytic and Th1-like effector functions.1Therefore, γδ T cells are attractive candidate effector cells for cancer immunotherapy. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond to phosphoantigens such as (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), which is synthesized in bacteria via isoprenoid biosynthesis;2 and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which is produced in eukaryotic cells through the mevalonate pathway.3 In physiological condition, the generation of IPP in nontransformed cell is not sufficient for the activation of γδ T cells. Dysregulation of mevalonate pathway in tumor cells leads to accumulation of IPP and γδ T cells activation.3 Because aminobisphosphonates (such as pamidronate or zoledronate) inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), the enzyme acting downstream of IPP in the mevalonate pathway, intracellular levels of IPP and sensitibity to γδ T cells recognition can be therapeutically increased by aminobisphosphonates. IPP accumulation is less efficient in nontransfomred cells than tumor cells with a pharmacologically relevant concentration of aminobisphosphonates, that allow us immunotherapy for cancer by activating γδ T cells with aminobisphosphonates. 4 Interestingly, IPP accumulates in monocytes when PBMC are treated with aminobisphosphonates, because of efficient drug uptake by these cells. 5 Monocytes that accumulate IPP become antigen-presenting cells and stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the peripheral blood.6 Based on these mechanisms, we developed a technique for large-scale expansion of γδ T cell cultures using zoledronate and interleukin-2 (IL-2).7 Other methods for expansion of γδ T cells utilize the synthetic phosphoantigens bromohydrin pyrophosphate (BrHPP)8 or 2-methyl-3-butenyl-1-pyrophosphate (2M3B1PP).9 All of these methods allow ex vivo expansion, resulting in large numbers of γδ T cells for use in adoptive immunotherapy. However, only zoledronate is an FDA-approved commercially available reagent. Zoledronate-expanded γδ T cells display CD27–CD45RA– effector memory phenotype and thier function can be evaluated by IFN-γ production assay. 7
Protocol
Discussion
यहाँ प्रस्तुत विधि PBMC से γδ टी कोशिकाओं के कुशल विस्तार सक्षम बनाता है. γδ टी कोशिकाओं को सक्रिय और विस्तार zoledronate द्वारा और आईएल-2 पूरा effector कार्यों, cytokine उत्पादन और cytotoxicity द्वारा परिलक्षित विकसित. यह बताया गया ?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Materials
| Reagent name | Company | Catalogue number | Comments (optional) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZOMETA | Novartis Pharma K. K | zoledronate | |
| PROLEUKIN | Novartis Pharmaceuticals | human recombinant IL-2 | |
| BD Vacutainer CPT Cell Preparation Tube with Sodium Heparin | BD | 362753 | |
| RPMI1640 | Invitrogen | 21870-076 | |
| ALyS203- medium | Cell Science & Technology Institute | 0301-7 | |
| OpTmizer | Invitrogen | 0080022SA | |
| brefeldin A | Sigma | B5936-200UL | |
| phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) | Sigma | P1585-1MG | |
| ionomycin | Sigma | 13909-1ML | |
| IntraPrep | BECKMAN COULTER | A07803 | |
| anti-human CD3-FITC or PE/Cy5 | BECKMAN COULTER | A07746 FITC A07749 PE/Cy5 |
|
| anti-human CD4-ECD | BECKMAN COULTER | 6604727 | |
| anti-human CD8-PE/Cy5 | BECKMAN COULTER | 6607011 | |
| anti-human CD14-PE/Cy5 | BECKMAN COULTER | A07765 | |
| anti-human CD19-PE | BECKMAN COULTER | A07769 | |
| anti-human CD45-ECD | BECKMAN COULTER | A07784 | |
| anti-human CD56-PE/Cy5 | BECKMAN COULTER | A07789 | |
| anti-human TCRαβ-PE | BECKMAN COULTER | A39499 | |
| anti-human TCR Vγ9-FITC | BECKMAN COULTER | IM1463 | |
| anti-human CD27-PE/Cy5 | BECKMAN COULTER | 6607107 | |
| anti-human CD45RA-ECD | BECKMAN COULTER | IM2711 | |
| anti-human CD69-PE | BD | 555531 | |
| anti-human NKG2D-PE | BECKMAN COULTER | A08934 | |
| Anti-humal IFNγ-PE | BECKMAN COULTER | IM2717U | |
| Mouse IgG1 isotype control-PE | BECKMAN COULTER | A07796 | |
| Mouse IgG1 isotype control-ECD or PE/Cy5 | BECKMAN COULTER | A07797 A07798 |
References
- Bonneville, M., O’Brien, R. L., Born, W. K. γ T cell effector functions: a blend of innate programming and acquired plasticity. Nat Rev Immunol. 10, 467-478 (2010).
- Hintz, M. Identification of (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate as a major activator for human γδ T cells in Escherichia coli. FEBS Lett. 509, 317-322 (2001).
- Gober, H. J. Human T cell receptor γδ cells recognize endogenous mevalonate metabolites in tumor cells. J Exp Med. 197, 163-168 (2003).
- Kabelitz, D., Wesch, D., He, W. Perspectives of gammadelta T cells in tumor immunology. Cancer Res. 67, 5-8 (2007).
- Roelofs, A. J. Peripheral blood monocytes are responsible for gammadelta T cell activation induced by zoledronic acid through accumulation of IPP/DMAPP. Br J Haematol. 144, 245-250 (2009).
- Dieli, F. Induction of γδ T-lymphocyte effector functions by bisphosphonate zoledronic acid in cancer patients in vivo. Blood. 102, 2310-2311 (2003).
- Kondo, M. Zoledronate facilitates large-scale ex vivo expansion of functional γδ T cells from cancer patients for use in adoptive immunotherapy. Cytotherapy. 10, 842-856 (2008).
- Espinosa, E. Chemical synthesis and biological activity of bromohydrin pyrophosphate, a potent stimulator of human γδ T cells. J Biol Chem. 276, 18337-18344 (2001).
- Kobayashi, H. Safety profile and anti-tumor effects of adoptive immunotherapy using γδ T cells against advanced renal cell carcinoma: a pilot study. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 56, 469-476 (2007).
- Murali-Krishna, K. Counting antigen-specific CD8 T cells: a reevaluation of bystander activation during viral infection. Immunity. 8, 177-187 (1998).
- Sato, K. Impact of culture medium on the expansion of T cells for immunotherapy. Cytotherapy. 11, 936-946 (2009).
- Abe, Y. Clinical and immunological evaluation of zoledronate-activated Vγ9 γδT-cell-based immunotherapy for patients with multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol. 37, 956-968 (2009).
- Nakajima, J. A phase I study of adoptive immunotherapy for recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer patients with autologous γδ T cells. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 37, 1191-1197 (2010).
