Summary

隔离肝脏灌注作为治疗葡萄膜黑色素瘤肝转移

Published: January 25, 2015
doi:

Summary

Here, we present a protocol how to perform an isolated liver perfusion (IHP) with melphalan and we also discuss IHP as a treatment option for liver metastases of uveal melanoma.

Abstract

分离出的肝灌注(IHP)是一个过程,其中肝脏手术分离并灌注有高浓度的化疗剂美法仑。简单地说,该过程开始于从股静脉向外部颈静脉经皮静脉 – 静脉旁路的设置。经由剖腹,导管被插入到适当的肝动脉和腔静脉。门静脉和腔静脉,既supra-和infrahepatically,然后夹紧。的动脉和静脉导管被连接到心脏肺机和肝脏灌注美法仑(1毫克/千克体重)为60分钟。这种方式是可能的局部灌注用高剂量的化疗剂的肝癌,无泄漏到全身循环。

在以前的研究,包括患者的葡萄膜黑色素瘤孤立的肝转移,中33-100%的总反应率和9日和13月之间,中位生存期,已经报道了。此协议的目的是为了给如何执行过程描述清楚,并讨论国际水文计划作为葡萄膜黑色素瘤肝转移治疗方案。

Introduction

葡萄膜黑色素瘤是成人中最常见的原发性眼内恶性肿瘤,与发病率是最高的高加索人群1。局部治疗包括眼球摘除或局部斑块放射治疗2,3。无论局部治疗,转移性疾病最终会发展约35-50%的患者4,5。肝脏是转移的最常见的部位与本孤立肝转移患者约50%。中位总生存期(OS)的肝转移患者为6-12个月4。几个不同的系统性和区域性的治疗策略进行了探讨,但生存率没有改善2。

治疗全身化疗,单质(达卡巴嗪或替莫唑胺6)或联合治疗(BOLD方案7,吉西他滨与苏消安8),显示了较少的应答率则的10%。肝动脉内化疗(HIA)已经呈现出稍高总反应率相比全身化疗,但不增加整体存活率9。化学栓塞(TACE)与顺铂和卡铂显示出与9个月10中位生存在57%的患者有部分反应。选择性体内放射治疗(SIRT)已经显示与7个月11的中位存活的患者的62%的部分的响应。在肝切除术的研究,包括255例患者,14个月的总生存报告;在患者那里一个微观完整切除是可能的76,生存27个月12。

隔离肝脏灌注(IHP)是一个区域性的治疗选择,最初是由Ryan和Ausman发展。该技术背后的基本原理是通过外科手术隔离和灌注肝脏用高剂量的化疗剂的同时避免系统性至xicity 13。此外,并发热疗介导的化疗剂的变化在肿瘤血流和细胞膜通透性14增加的摄取。完整的血管隔离证实使用锝99标记的人血清白蛋白15放射性示踪技术。回顾II期临床研究已经显示为14个月(26与12个月)的潜在生存获益为接受国际水文计划相比,时间最长的幸存者,在瑞典16葡萄膜黑色素瘤肝转移患者。

在这里,我们提出国际水文计划的技术与目前的结果和未来前景简短评论。

Protocol

患者签署知情同意书,并研究在哥德堡大学批准的区域伦理审查委员会。 1.麻醉设置所有监测(心电图,血压袖带)17。 插入一个硬膜外导管在较低到中等水平的胸椎17。 诱导麻醉异丙酚2毫克/公斤,150微克芬太尼,罗库溴铵和0.6毫克/千克,通过一个预先插入外周静脉导管。 Preoxygenate和插管病人。维持麻醉与七氟醚,氧气和空气<…

Representative Results

初次报告包含的马法兰带或不带TNF-α治疗的22例患者。结果表明,总有效率为62%,其中两例CR(10%),以及11个月20中位总生存期。随后的研究报道了单独使用马法兰29例患者治疗的结果。该结果是用62%的总响应包括完整的10%响应和12个月的21位生存很相似。 在一项研究Rizell。等 ,被列入20例葡萄膜黑色素瘤。将患者分为三个不同时代的时间,结果显…

Discussion

转移性葡萄膜黑色素瘤有几个治疗方案。化疗6,免疫治疗23和靶向治疗24一直没能表现出改进的操作系统。患者很少肝转移,肝切除术是一种选择12。其他治疗方法包括肝动脉灌注化疗(HIA)9,肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)25和选择性体内放射治疗(SIRT)26。

国际水文计划是一个重大而复杂的外科手术,并因为由Ausman的第一?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Lennart Wiman (photographer) is acknowledged for excellent video recording.

Materials

Wire re-inforced catethers Medtronic Inc, Minnesota, USA 12-18Fr
Stöckert S5 Sorin Group, Mirandola, Italy Heart-lung machine
Rotaflow Maquet, Jostra Medizintechnik AG, Hirrlingen, Germany Centrifugal pump
HU 35 Maquet cardiopulmonary AG, Hirrlingen, Germany Heater unit
Flexbumin 200 g/l Baxter Medical AB, Kista, Sweden
Tribonat Fresenius Kabi AB, Uppsala, Sweden
Heparin LEO, 5000 IE/ml LEO Pharma AB, Sweden
Ringer Acetate Baxter Medical AB, Kista, Sweden
Vasculosis Cis-Bio International, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France 99mTc-albumin
MedicView SystemData AB, Gothenburg, Sweden Leakage monitoring system
Alkeran Aspen Europe GmbH, Bad Oldesloe, Germany melphalan

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Cite This Article
Ben-Shabat, I., Hansson, C., Sternby Eilard, M., Cahlin, C., Rizell, M., Lindnér, P., Mattsson, J., Olofsson Bagge, R. Isolated Hepatic Perfusion as a Treatment for Liver Metastases of Uveal Melanoma. J. Vis. Exp. (95), e52490, doi:10.3791/52490 (2015).

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