人間A53T変異αシヌクレインを過剰発現するトランスジェニックマウスの脳における強化ELISAによる疾患関連αシヌクレインの検出
Summary
An ELISA offering a novel quantitative approach is described. It specifically detects disease-associated α-synuclein (αSD) in a transgenic mouse model (M83) of synucleinopathy using several antibodies against either the Ser129 phosphorylated αS form or the C-terminal part of the protein.
Abstract
ウエスタンブロットのような確立された方法に加えて、新たな方法は、迅速かつ容易にsynucleopathiesの実験モデルにおいて疾患関連αシヌクレイン（αSD）を定量化するために必要とされています。過剰発現しているヒトA53TのαSを自発的に体重減少、衰弱、重度の運動障害などの症状を特徴と年齢の8と22ヶ月の間に劇的な臨床表現型を開発するトランスジェニックマウス系統（M83）は、この研究で使用しました。これらのマウスにおけるαSD（疾患関連αS）の分子解析のために、ELISAは、特に病気のマウスでαSDを定量化するために設計されました。このマウスモデルにおいて、中枢神経系の分析は、主に、尾側脳領域および脊髄におけるαSDの存在を示しました。臨床疾患につながる異なる実験条件、 すなわち間αSD分布の違いはuninoculに、ありませんでしたated、通常トランスジェニックマウスの老化と病気のマウスからの脳抽出物を接種したマウスで。基本的に、ウエスタンブロットおよび免疫組織化学によって得られたものと相関して、ELISAによってSer129リン酸化αSに対する抗体を用いαSD免疫反応性の特異的検出。意外にも、同様の結果がαSのC末端部分に対するいくつかの他の抗体を用いて観察しました。 αSDの伝播は、「プリオン様」メカニズムの関与を示唆し、容易に監視し、ELISA法を用いて、このマウスモデルにおいて定量することができます。
Introduction
Most current methods for detecting disease-associated α-synuclein (αSD) in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease (PD), such as immunohistochemistry or Western blot, are time-consuming and not quantitative. This neurodegenerative disease is characterized by alpha-synuclein aggregation mainly in the form of inclusions containing an aggregated form of the normally soluble presynaptic protein αS1,2 (Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites). Normally only marginally phosphorylated, αS is hyperphosphorylated at its serine 129 residue in these inclusions3 and can be monitored by antibodies specifically directed against Ser129 phosphorylated αS, thus providing a reliable marker of the pathology.
Recent research suggests that a “prion-like” mechanism could be involved in the propagation of αS aggregation within the nervous system of an affected patient4,5. These studies reported the acceleration of a synucleinopathy by inoculating brain extracts containing αSD into a transgenic mouse model (M83) expressing an A53T mutated human αS protein associated with a severe motor impairment occurring as the mice age6. In the same manner, intra-cerebral inoculation of aggregated recombinant αS in the same M83 mouse model confirmed the acceleration of aggregation5. The induction of deposits of phosphorylated αS has also been reported after inoculation of C57Bl/6 wild-type mice with either fibrillar recombinant αS or brain extracts from human DLB patients7,8. Sacino et al.9 recently pointed out that after injection of fibrillar human αS, a widespread and progressive cerebral αS inclusion formation could be induced in M83 mice, but not in E46K transgenic mice or non-transgenic mice in which induced αS inclusions were transient, and mainly restricted to the site of injection. Recent studies on monkeys confirmed propagation of αS aggregates after inoculation of PD-derived extracts in species closer to humans10.
The link between αS alterations and Parkinson’s disease suggest that αSD is a potential biomarker for Parkinson’s disease11. A recent study showed the detection of oligomeric soluble aggregates of α-synuclein in human cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and plasma as a potential biomarker for Parkinson’s disease based on a conventional sandwich system ELISA using the same antibody to capture and detect αS12. Based on the same method, multimeric proteins were recognized in biological samples, including the brain, because there are multiple copies of epitopes present in the assembled forms13. Very recently, pathological αS in the CSF of patients with a proven Lewy body pathology was detected using both an ELISA kit with a highly specific antibody against αSD (5G4) and an immunoprecipitation assay14. These methods could differentiate patients with PD/DLB from other types of dementia.
The “prion-like” propagation of αS aggregation was further studied in transgenic mouse model M83 using an ELISA approach that was designed to specifically identify αSD15. In this study, we report the detailed ELISA protocol used to quantitatively detect αSD in sick mice (whether or not inoculated with αSD from sick M83 mice) and more especially in the brain regions specifically targeted by the pathological process in this M83 transgenic mouse model4.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
ELISAの使用は、特にM83のトランスジェニックマウスモデルにおける疾患の間にマウス脳ホモジネートから直接αSDを検出することが実証されました。確かに、このELISAは、容易に、高塩緩衝液中で唯一の全脳ホモジネートを使用して健康なM83マウス由来の病気のM83マウスを区別することができます。
このELISAを用いて成功した結果を得るために最も重要な?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
著者らは、予防接種のためのダミアン·ガイヤールに感謝し、動物実験のフォローアップしたいと思います。この作品は、ANSES（食品、環境·労働安全衛生のためのフランスの機関）によって、および財団フランスパーキンソンからの助成金によってサポートされていました。
Materials
| LB509 | Abcam | ab27766 | Detection antibody 1/2000 | |
| AS11 | Produced at Anses | Detection antibody 1/1000 | ||
| 4D6 | Abcam | ab1903 | Detection antibody 1/2000 | |
| PSer129 | Abcam | ab59264 | Detection antibody 1/3000 | |
| PSer129 EP1536Y | Abcam | ab51253 | Detection antibody 1/1000 | |
| syn514 | Abcam | ab24717 | Detection antibody 1/500 | |
| clone 42 | BD Biosciences | 610787 | Coating and detection antibody (1/2000) | |
| 8A5 | Provided by Dr. Anderson | Detection antibody 1/2000 | ||
| polyclonal anti-αsyn antibody | Millipore | AB5038P | Coating antibody | |
| Anti-mouse IgG HRP conjugate | Southern Biotech | 1010-05 | ||
| Anti-rabbit IgG HRP conjugate | Southern Biotech | 4010-05 | ||
| Goat anti-mouse IgG HRP conjugate | Dianova | 115-035-164 | ||
| HS buffer | Tris-HCl 50 mM | Euromedex | 26-128-3094-B | Adjust at pH 7.5 and keep at 4°C |
| NaCl 750 mM | Euromedex | 1112-A | ||
| EDTA 5 mM | Euromedex | EU0007-B | ||
| DTT 1 mM | Sigma | 43815 | ||
| PBS | Na2HPO4 1 mM | Euromedex | 1309 | Adjust at pH 7.5 |
| KH2PO4 1,5 mM | Euromedex | 2018 | ||
| NaCl 137 mM | Euromedex | 1112-A | ||
| KCl 2,7 mM | Euromedex | P017 | ||
| Tween 20 | Euromedex | 2001-C | ||
| BSA | Sigma | A7906 | ||
| DTT 1 mM | Sigma | 43815 | stock solution 100 mM, toxic | |
| 1% phosphatase cocktail | Pierce | 78428 | ||
| 1% protease inhibitor cocktail | Roche | 04 693 132 001 | 50 X concentrated | |
| Microplate MaxiSorpTM | Thermo Scientific | 442404 | ||
| Tampon carbonate 50 mM pH 9.6 | Na2CO3, 10H2O | Sigma | 71360 | 2.86 g/L |
| NaHCO3 | Merk | 6329 | 3.36 g/L, pH9.6 | |
| Superblock T20 PBS blocking buffer | Pierce | E6423H | 10 X concentrated | |
| TMB | Sigma | T0440 | Used for ELISA | |
| TMB | Analytik Jena AG | 847-0104200302 | Used for epitope mapping | |
| HCl 1N | Chimie plus | 40030 | ||
| Ribolyser | Thermo | Fast prep FP120 | keep on ice at this step | |
| Grinding tubes | Biorad | 355-1197 | ||
| Plate washer | Tecan | Columbus Pro | ||
| Plate reader | Biorad | Model 680 | ||
| Low power magnifier | VWR | 630-1062 | X8 magnification | |
| Forceps Dumont#7 | WPI | 14097 | For dissection steps | |
| Transfer pipette 1ml Samso | Samso | 043231 | ||
| 1,5 ml tubes | Dutscher | 033290 |
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