接受乒乓球训练的儿童的身体活动测量
Summary
本研究提出了一种基于加速度计的客观测量中国儿童在俱乐部接受乒乓球训练的体力活动（PA）和闲暇时间体力活动（LTPA）的方法。
Abstract
越来越多的证据表明，中国大多数儿童的身体活动（PA）水平低于推荐指南。乒乓球是在中国流行的复合且技术难度较高的运动;在俱乐部进行乒乓球训练可以帮助孩子提高他们的PA水平。鉴于儿童无法自己完成自我评估问卷，并且基于照顾者的观察不适合儿童，我们假设基于活动记录仪的方法可以成为测量PA的客观方法。在本研究中，我们描述了一种可用于使用活动记录仪设备和软件评估PA水平的程序。此外，由于已知髋关节佩戴设备会降低依从性，我们试图评估髋关节佩戴和腕戴设备数据之间的一致性。总的来说，我们的结果表明，这些设备适用于测量PA和休闲时间身体活动（LTPA）水平。结合主观问卷调查，髋关节和腕戴式设备都非常适合评估在俱乐部接受乒乓球训练的中国儿童的PA。
Introduction
身体活动（PA）在儿童时期非常重要，与身心健康呈正相关。有充分的证据表明，PA在肥胖，骨骼健康，心理健康，认知功能和学业成就方面与学龄儿童的有益影响有关1，2，3。然而，中国大多数儿童的PA水平仍然低于4岁推荐的水平;此外，久坐时间会随着年龄的增长而增加。根据中国学生的全国体质与健康监测研究，在21世纪的前二十年中，肥胖学生的数量仍然很高5。
国际儿童和青少年 PA 指南建议每天至少进行 60 分钟的中度至剧烈体育活动 （MVPA），每周 3 天进行剧烈体育活动 （VPA）6，以获得健康益处。同样，根据国际PA指南，最新版本的《中国人体育活动指南》（2021）7强调，累积久坐行为时间不应超过60分钟。参加体育俱乐部或学校活动是儿童满足 PA 准则8 的一种非常有益的方式。乒乓球是一项在中国流行的复合且技术难度高的运动。最近的研究证实，定期的乒乓球训练对儿童和青少年的健康相关身体健康有积极影响9，10。因此，乒乓球俱乐部/学校培训是儿童提高PA11水平的非常合适的方法。
重要的是要考虑可能妨碍执行国际保护区准则所提建议的几个问题。例如，大多数儿童PA调查基于父母报告的问卷12;中国严重缺乏通过客观方法获得的数据。此外，儿童的活动模式的特征是相对较短的自发但强烈的PA13，14。这种模式很难仅通过观察来总结和报告;此外，问卷或家长报告容易出现错误15。其次，儿童在家中度过大量的闲暇时间，例如，在晚上和周末，并且倾向于在家庭环境中积累大部分日常PA。很难收集或估计儿童在课余时间的闲暇时间体育活动（LTPA）。LTPA对健康至关重要，是总PA16中最重要的组成部分之一。第三，儿童的PA可能受到性别差异和父母生活方式的影响8.总的来说，这些信息强调了获得PA的准确测量值的必要性，以评估整体健康状况，其社会影响及其在政策制定中的使用。如果特定亚人群（例如，接受乒乓球训练的儿童）的活动水平没有得到正确估计，数据甚至可能误导政策和公共卫生优先事项12。
作为青少年PA模式最广泛使用的客观测量方法，加速度计已被公认为测量17，18，19，20儿童PA的黄金标准。随着技术的进步，活动记录仪已经发展成为具有成本效益的电容式传感器。在大多数情况下，这些装置需要连接到右髋关节21，这可能是一个潜在的风险因素，并降低了顺应性22。近年来，一些研究表明，当设置适当时，从其他解剖位置佩戴的设备中获得的PA数据可以进行比较23，24。
在本研究中，我们旨在开发一种基于腕戴式活动记录仪加速度计的方法来评估接受乒乓球训练的儿童的PA。
Protocol
这项研究得到了中国呼和浩特内蒙古医科大学学术伦理委员会的批准。本研究中所有儿童的父母都提供了签署和知情同意书。在这项研究中，我们使用了Actigraph GT3X +设备，它被称为加速度计。 1. 方法开发的一般方面 获取加速度计以评估 PA。加速度计是一种小型（3.3 cm x 4.6 cm x 1.5 cm，19 g）类似手表的不显眼设备，可测量三个轴的加速度：垂直、前后和中?…
Representative Results
人口统计数据如表1所示，包括性别、年龄、身高、体重、种族和惯用手。如表1所示，两组之间在性别、年龄、身高、体重和惯用手方面没有显著差异。此外，来自体育组的参与者在久坐行为（SB; 441.05 ± 31.80 vs 442.25 ± 30.74， P = 0.904）、LPA （213.10 ± 15.00 vs 215.65 ± 17.41， P = 0.623）、MPA（42.55 ± 3.80 vs 40.70 ± 2.85， P = 0.090）以及LTPA（1514.20 ± 146.10 vs 1587.70 ± </…
Discussion
如 表1所示，与对照组相比，运动组儿童的VPA和MVPA（64.20±2.33 vs 57.85±3.36，P<0.001）显着更高。根据以前在青少年25 和年轻人26中报告的结果，相对于主观调查，加速度计设备代表了一种准确的PA估计方法。
Bland-Altman 图表明，髋关节佩戴和腕戴式加速度计数据之间 MPA、VPA 和 MVPA 的一致性很高（ 如图 3</strong…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
我们感谢朔天女士的数字技术支持。这项研究得到了吴结平基金会的支持（批准号：320.6750.18456）。
Materials
| Actigraph | ActiGraph Corp | GT3X+ | device |
| ActiLife | ActiGraph Corp | v6.13.3 | software |
| SPSS 22.0 software | statistical analysis software |
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Cite This Article
Zhang, X., Xia, C., Zhao, X., Liu, Y., Zhào, H., Huang, Y. Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training. J. Vis. Exp. (185), e63937, doi:10.3791/63937 (2022).