Kobe University 4 articles published in JoVE Neuroscience Evaluation and Manipulation of Neural Activity Using Two-Photon Holographic Microscopy Daisuke Kato1,2, Xiangyu Quan3, Yuta Tanisumi1,2, Zhongtian Guo1,2, Mitsuhiro Morita4, Tetsuya Takiguchi5, Osamu Matoba6, Hiroaki Wake1,2,6 1Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 2Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 3Department of System Science, Kobe University Graduate School of System Informatics, 4Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kobe University, 5Department of Information Science, Kobe University Graduate School of System Informatics, 6Center of Optical Scattering Image Science, Kobe University We developed a two-photon holographic microscope that can visualize, assess, and manipulate neural activity using high spatiotemporal resolution, with the aim of elucidating the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders that are associated with abnormal neural activity. Biology Measuring Photophysiology of Attached Stage of Colacium sp. by a Cuvette-Type Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer Takehiro Kazama1,2,3, Kazuhide Hayakawa4, Koichi Shimotori1,2, Akio Imai1 1Lake Biwa Branch Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 2Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 3Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 4Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute Fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRRf) is a beneficial method for measuring photosystem II photophysiology and primary productivity. Here we describe a protocol to measure PSII photophysiology of epizoic alga, Colacium sp. on substrate zooplankton using cuvette-type FRRf. Developmental Biology Isolation and Characterization of Human Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Preterm and Term Infants Sota Iwatani1, Makiko Yoshida2, Keiji Yamana1, Daisuke Kurokawa1, Jumpei Kuroda1, Khin Kyae Mon Thwin1, Suguru Uemura1, Satoru Takafuji1, Nanako Nino1, Tsubasa Koda, Masami Mizobuchi4, Masahiro Nishiyama1, Kazumichi Fujioka1, Hiroaki Nagase1, Ichiro Morioka5, Kazumoto Iijima1, Noriyuki Nishimura1 1Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 2 Human umbilical cord (UC) can be obtained during the perinatal period as a result of preterm, term, and postterm delivery. In this protocol, we describe the isolation and characterization of UC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) from fetuses/infants at 19-40 weeks of gestation. Environment Use of a Filter Cartridge for Filtration of Water Samples and Extraction of Environmental DNA Masaki Miya1, Toshifumi Minamoto2, Hiroki Yamanaka3, Shin-ichiro Oka4, Keiichi Sato4, Satoshi Yamamoto2, Tetsuya Sado1, Hideyuki Doi5 1Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, 2Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 4Okinawa Churashima Research Center, 5Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo We describe a protocol for filtration of water samples with a filter cartridge and extraction of environmental DNA (eDNA) without having to cut open the housing to remove the filter. This protocol is developed for metabarcoding eDNA from fishes, but is also applicable to eDNA from other organisms.