Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 2 articles published in JoVE Neuroscience Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans Mihiro Shibutani1, Suteera Vibulyaseck1, Ichiro N. Maruyama1 1Information Processing Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University We have previously developed protocols for Caenorhabditis elegans to form short- and long-term associative memories by massed and spaced training, respectively. Here, detailed protocols are described for the conditioning of C. elegans by pairing 1-propanol and hydrochloric acid as conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, respectively, to form aversive associative memory. Neuroscience In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior Diana L. Rodriguez-Munoz1, Omar Jaidar2, Marcela Palomero-Rivero1, Mario A. Arias-Garcia3, Gordon W. Arbuthnott4, Violeta G. Lopez-Huerta1 1Institute of Cellular Physiology, National University of Mexico, 2Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 3Facultad de Psicologia, National University of Mexico, 4Brain Mechanisms for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University The present protocol describes how to use wireless optogenetics combined with high-speed videography in a single pellet reach-to-grasp task to characterize the neural circuits involved in the performance of skilled motor behavior in freely moving mice.