Institut für Angewandte Forschung View Institution's Website 1 article published in JoVE Bioengineering Nanotopology of Cell Adhesion upon Variable-Angle Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (VA-TIRFM) Michael Wagner1, Petra Weber1, Harald Baumann1, Herbert Schneckenburger1 1Hochschule Aalen, Institut für Angewandte Forschung Topology of cell adhesion on a substrate is measured with nanometre precision by variable-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (VA-TIRFM).