University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia 1 article published in JoVE Biology Single-Cell Multiplexed Fluorescence Imaging to Visualize Viral Nucleic Acids and Proteins and Monitor HIV, HTLV, HBV, HCV, Zika Virus, and Influenza Infection Raven Shah*1, Shuiyun Lan*1, Maritza N. Puray-Chavez2, Dandan Liu2, Philip R. Tedbury1, Stefan G. Sarafianos1 1Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 2Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine Presented here is a protocol for a fluorescence imaging approach, multiplex immunofluorescent cell-based detection of DNA, RNA, and protein (MICDDRP), a method capable of simultaneous fluorescence single-cell visualization of viral protein and nucleic acids of different type and strandedness. This approach can be applied to a diverse range of systems.