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Chapter 13

Chapter 13

The Joints

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The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the …
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Functional Classification of Joints The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are …
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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement …
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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike …
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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. …
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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the …
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is …
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the …
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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all …
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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the …
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Proprioception is an important component of controlled movement. The threshold to detection of passive movement (TDPM) is a commonly used method for …
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The shoulder is one of the human body’s most complex joint systems, with motion occurring through the coordinated actions of four individual joints, …
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In primary osteoarthritis (OA), normal ‘wear and tear’ associated with aging inhibits the ability of cartilage to sustain its load-bearing and lubrication …