Chapter 23
The Heart
![Overview of the Heart](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15265.jpg)
The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four…
![Location and Orientation of the Heart](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15266.jpg)
The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs…
![Chambers of the Heart](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15268.jpg)
The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are…
![Heart Valves](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15269.jpg)
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular…
![Coronary Circulation](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15271.jpg)
The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary…
![Conduction System of the Heart](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15272.jpg)
Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This…
![Cardiac Cycle](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15274.jpg)
The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by…
![Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15275.jpg)
The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac…
![Heart Sounds](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15277.jpg)
Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the…
![Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15278.jpg)
Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It…
![Regulation of Heart Rates](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15280.jpg)
The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac…
![Exercise and Cardiac Output](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/15282.jpg)
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the…
![Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/64714_t.png)
Endoscopic mitral valve surgery (EMS) has become a standard of care at specialized heart centers, further reducing surgical trauma compared to a…
![Troubleshooting FoCUS Image Acquisition: Patient Positioning, Transducer Manipulation, and Image Optimization](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/64547_t.png)
Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) is a limited, clinician-performed application of echocardiography to add real-time information to patient care.…
![Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/64410_t.png)
Continuous Venous-Arterial Doppler Ultrasound During a Preload Challenge
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A preload challenge (PC) is a clinical maneuver that, first, increases the cardiac filling (i.e., preload) and, second, calculates the change in…