छोटे rodents में Cystometry का प्रयोग: मूत्राशय Chemosensation की एक अध्ययन
Summary
Cystometry छोटे जानवरों की मूत्राशय समारोह को मापने के लिए एक कुशल तकनीक है<em> Vivo में</em>. मूत्राशय एक intravesical कैथेटर के माध्यम से नियंत्रित किया, जबकि मूत्रमार्ग बारंबार पेशाब करने की इच्छा के लिए स्वतंत्र छोड़ दिया है दरों में लगातार संचार होता है. यह दोहराव के लिए भरने और मूत्राशय के खाली है, जबकि intravesical दबाव और voided मात्रा दर्ज कर रहे हैं अनुमति देता है.
Abstract
The lower urinary tract (LUT) functions as a dynamic reservoir that is able to store urine and to efficiently expel it at a convenient time. While storing urine, however, the bladder is exposed for prolonged periods to waste products. By acting as a tight barrier, the epithelial lining of the LUT, the urothelium, avoids re-absorption of harmful substances. Moreover, noxious chemicals stimulate the bladder’s nociceptive innervation and initiate voiding contractions that expel the bladder’s contents. Interestingly, the bladder’s sensitivity to noxious chemicals has been used successfully in clinical practice, by intravesically infusing the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin to treat neurogenic bladder overactivity1. This underscores the advantage of viewing the bladder as a chemosensory organ and prompts for further clinical research. However, ethical issues severely limit the possibilities to perform, in human subjects, the invasive measurements that are necessary to unravel the molecular bases of LUT clinical pharmacology. A way to overcome this limitation is the use of several animal models2. Here we describe the implementation of cystometry in mice and rats, a technique that allows measuring the intravesical pressure in conditions of controlled bladder perfusion.
After laparotomy, a catheter is implanted in the bladder dome and tunneled subcutaneously to the interscapular region. Then the bladder can be filled at a controlled rate, while the urethra is left free for micturition. During the repetitive cycles of filling and voiding, intravesical pressure can be measured via the implanted catheter. As such, the pressure changes can be quantified and analyzed. Moreover, simultaneous measurement of the voided volume allows distinguishing voiding contractions from non-voiding contractions3.
Importantly, due to the differences in micturition control between rodents and humans, cystometric measurements in these animals have only limited translational value4. Nevertheless, they are quite instrumental in the study of bladder pathophysiology and pharmacology in experimental pre-clinical settings. Recent research using this technique has revealed the key role of novel molecular players in the mechano- and chemo-sensory properties of the bladder.
Protocol
Discussion
यहाँ प्रस्तुत cystometry तकनीक पशु मॉडल में मूत्राशय समारोह के vivo माप में प्रदर्शन करने की अनुमति देता है. चूहे शायद सबसे अधिक इस्तेमाल किया पशु मॉडल हैं. चूहे अधिक संभालना मुश्किल कर रहे हैं, लेकिन आनु?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
यह काम बेल्जियम संघीय सरकार (P6/28 IUAP), रिसर्च (FWO) फाउंडेशन फ़्लैंडर्स (G.0565.07 और G.0686.09), Astellas यूरोपीय फाउंडेशन अवार्ड 2009 और यू लोवेन के अनुसंधान परिषद से अनुदान द्वारा समर्थित किया गया (GOA 2009/07, EF/95/010 और PFV/10/006). हम पु और रिसर्च फाउंडेशन फ़्लैंडर्स (FWO) के डॉक्टरेट साथियों हैं. MB क्यूरी मेरी एक साथी है. DDR FWO के एक साथी मौलिक नैदानिक.
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Commercial name, company, | Catalogue number | Comments |
| urethane | Urethane, Sigma-Aldrich | 315419 | group 2B carcinogen |
| isoflurane | Isoba, Schering-Plough Animal Health | ||
| polyethylene catheter | Intramedic Polyethylene tubing PE50, Becton Dickinson | 427411 | |
| surgical microscope | Op-Mi 6, Carl Zeiss | Op-Mi 6 | |
| purse-string suture | Prolene 6/0, Ethicon | 8610H | |
| fascia and skin suture | Ethilon 4/0 or 5/0, Ethicon | 662G or 661G | |
| postoperative analgesics | Temgesic, Schering-Plough Animal Health | dosage for rats: 0.05 mg/kg | |
| amplifier | 78534c monitor, Hewlett Packard | ||
| analytical balances and balance data acquisition software | FZ 300i, A&D | FZ-300i | |
| infusion pumps | pump 33, Harvard apparatus | HA33 | |
| cystometry recording system | Dataq instruments, DI-730 series and Windaq/Lite | DI-730-USB Windaq/Lite | |
| temperature registration | Fluke 52 KJ thermometer | 52 KJ | |
| pressure transducers | Edwards Lifesciences, pressure monitoring set | T322247A |
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